Abstract
The HIPPO signaling pathway plays an early and essential role in mammalian embryogenesis. The earliest known roles for HIPPO signaling during mouse development include segregating fetal and extraembryonic lineages and establishing the pluripotent progenitors of embryonic stem (ES) cells. In the mouse early embryo, HIPPO signaling responds to multiple cell biological inputs, including cell polarization, cytoskeleton, and cell environment, to influence gene expression and the first cell fate decisions in development. Methods to monitor and manipulate HIPPO signaling in the mouse early embryo are fundamental to discovering mechanisms regulating pluripotency in vivo, but properties of the early embryo, such as small cell number and spherical architecture, pose unique challenges for signaling pathway analysis. Here, we share approaches for visualizing HIPPO signaling in mouse early embryos. In addition, these methods can be applied to visualize HIPPO signaling in other spherical or cystic structures comprised of relatively few cells, such as organoids, or for the examination of other signaling pathways in these contexts.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Fu V, Plouffe SW, Guan KL (2018) The Hippo pathway in organ development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 49:99–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2017.12.012
Yu FX, Zhao B, Guan KL (2015) Hippo pathway in organ size control, tissue homeostasis, and cancer. Cell 163(4):811–828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.044
Harvey KF, Zhang X, Thomas DM (2013) The Hippo pathway and human cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 13(4):246–257. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3458
Johnson R, Halder G (2014) The two faces of Hippo: targeting the Hippo pathway for regenerative medicine and cancer treatment. Nat Rev Drug Discov 13(1):63–79. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4161
Pan D (2010) The hippo signaling pathway in development and cancer. Dev Cell 19(4):491–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2010.09.011
Sharif AAD, Hergovich A (2018) The NDR/LATS protein kinases in immunology and cancer biology. Semin Cancer Biol 48:104–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.010
Yimlamai D, Fowl BH, Camargo FD (2015) Emerging evidence on the role of the Hippo/YAP pathway in liver physiology and cancer. J Hepatol 63(6):1491–1501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.07.008
Zanconato F, Cordenonsi M, Piccolo S (2016) YAP/TAZ at the roots of cancer. Cancer Cell 29(6):783–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2016.05.005
Rossant J, Lis WT (1979) Potential of isolated mouse inner cell masses to form trophectoderm derivatives in vivo. Dev Biol 70(1):255–261
Suwinska A, Czolowska R, Ozdzenski W, Tarkowski AK (2008) Blastomeres of the mouse embryo lose totipotency after the fifth cleavage division: expression of Cdx2 and Oct4 and developmental potential of inner and outer blastomeres of 16- and 32-cell embryos. Dev Biol 322(1):133–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.07.019
Tarkowski AK, Suwinska A, Czolowska R, Ozdzenski W (2010) Individual blastomeres of 16- and 32-cell mouse embryos are able to develop into foetuses and mice. Dev Biol 348(2):190–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.09.022
McDole K, Xiong Y, Iglesias PA, Zheng Y (2011) Lineage mapping the pre-implantation mouse embryo by two-photon microscopy, new insights into the segregation of cell fates. Dev Biol 355(2):239–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.04.024
Toyooka Y, Oka S, Fujimori T (2016) Early preimplantation cells expressing Cdx2 exhibit plasticity of specification to TE and ICM lineages through positional changes. Dev Biol 411(1):50–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.01.011
Nishioka N, Inoue K, Adachi K, Kiyonari H, Ota M, Ralston A, Yabuta N, Hirahara S, Stephenson RO, Ogonuki N, Makita R, Kurihara H, Morin-Kensicki EM, Nojima H, Rossant J, Nakao K, Niwa H, Sasaki H (2009) The Hippo signaling pathway components Lats and Yap pattern Tead4 activity to distinguish mouse trophectoderm from inner cell mass. Dev Cell 16(3):398–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2009.02.003
Kono K, Tamashiro DA, Alarcon VB (2014) Inhibition of RHO-ROCK signaling enhances ICM and suppresses TE characteristics through activation of Hippo signaling in the mouse blastocyst. Dev Biol 394(1):142–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.06.023
Cockburn K, Biechele S, Garner J, Rossant J (2013) The Hippo pathway member Nf2 is required for inner cell mass specification. Curr Biol 23(13):1195–1201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.044
Hirate Y, Hirahara S, Inoue K, Suzuki A, Alarcon VB, Akimoto K, Hirai T, Hara T, Adachi M, Chida K, Ohno S, Marikawa Y, Nakao K, Shimono A, Sasaki H (2013) Polarity-dependent distribution of angiomotin localizes Hippo signaling in preimplantation embryos. Curr Biol 23(13):1181–1194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.014
Leung CY, Zernicka-Goetz M (2013) Angiomotin prevents pluripotent lineage differentiation in mouse embryos via Hippo pathway-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Nat Commun 4:2251. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3251
Maitre JL, Turlier H, Illukkumbura R, Eismann B, Niwayama R, Nedelec F, Hiiragi T (2016) Asymmetric division of contractile domains couples cell positioning and fate specification. Nature 536(7616):344–348. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18958
Ralston A, Cox BJ, Nishioka N, Sasaki H, Chea E, Rugg-Gunn P, Guo G, Robson P, Draper JS, Rossant J (2010) Gata3 regulates trophoblast development downstream of Tead4 and in parallel to Cdx2. Development 137(3):395–403. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.038828
Nishioka N, Yamamoto S, Kiyonari H, Sato H, Sawada A, Ota M, Nakao K, Sasaki H (2008) Tead4 is required for specification of trophectoderm in pre-implantation mouse embryos. Mech Dev 125(3–4):270–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2007.11.002
Strumpf D, Mao CA, Yamanaka Y, Ralston A, Chawengsaksophak K, Beck F, Rossant J (2005) Cdx2 is required for correct cell fate specification and differentiation of trophectoderm in the mouse blastocyst. Development 132(9):2093–2102. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.01801
Wicklow E, Blij S, Frum T, Hirate Y, Lang RA, Sasaki H, Ralston A (2014) HIPPO pathway members restrict SOX2 to the inner cell mass where it promotes ICM fates in the mouse blastocyst. PLoS Genet 10(10):e1004618. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004618
Avilion AA, Nicolis SK, Pevny LH, Perez L, Vivian N, Lovell-Badge R (2003) Multipotent cell lineages in early mouse development depend on SOX2 function. Genes Dev 17(1):126–140. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.224503
Home P, Ray S, Dutta D, Bronshteyn I, Larson M, Paul S (2009) GATA3 is selectively expressed in the trophectoderm of peri-implantation embryo and directly regulates Cdx2 gene expression. J Biol Chem 284(42):28729–28737. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.016840
Ma GT, Roth ME, Groskopf JC, Tsai FY, Orkin SH, Grosveld F, Engel JD, Linzer DI (1997) GATA-2 and GATA-3 regulate trophoblast-specific gene expression in vivo. Development 124(4):907–914
Lian I, Kim J, Okazawa H, Zhao J, Zhao B, Yu J, Chinnaiyan A, Israel MA, Goldstein LS, Abujarour R, Ding S, Guan KL (2010) The role of YAP transcription coactivator in regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Genes Dev 24(11):1106–1118. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1903310
Behringer R, Gertsenstein M, Nagy KV, Nagy A (2016) Selecting female mice in estrus and checking plugs. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2016(8). https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot092387
Behringer R, Gertsenstein M, Nagy KV, Nagy A (2014) Manipulating the mouse embryo: a laboratory manual, 4th edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
Acknowledgments
Work in our lab is supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01 GM104009 and the James K. Billman, Jr., M.D. Endowment Fund.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Frum, T., Ralston, A. (2019). Visualizing HIPPO Signaling Components in Mouse Early Embryonic Development. In: Hergovich, A. (eds) The Hippo Pathway. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1893. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8910-2_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8910-2_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8909-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8910-2
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols