Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that are able to regulate the expression of targeted mRNAs. Thousands of miRNAs have been identified; however, only a few of them have been functionally annotated. Microarray-based expression analysis represents a cost-effective way to identify candidate miRNAs that correlate with specific biological pathways, and to detect disease-associated molecular signatures. Generally, microarray-based miRNA data analysis contains four major steps: (1) quality control and normalization, (2) differential expression analysis, (3) target gene prediction, and (4) functional annotation. For each step, a large couple of software tools or packages have been developed. In this chapter, we present a standard analysis pipeline for miRNA microarray data, assembled by packages mainly developed with R and hosted in Bioconductor project.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Kozomara A, Griffiths-Jones S (2014) miRBase: annotating high confidence microRNAs using deep sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res 42(Database issue):D68–D73. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1181
McCall MN, Kim MS, Adil M, Patil AH, Lu Y, Mitchell CJ, Leal-Rojas P, Xu J, Kumar M, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Baras AS, Rosenberg AZ, Arking DE, Burns KH, Pandey A, Halushka MK (2017) Toward the human cellular microRNAome. Genome Res. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.222067.117
Otto T, Candido SV, Pilarz MS, Sicinska E, Bronson RT, Bowden M, Lachowicz IA, Mulry K, Fassl A, Han RC, Jecrois ES, Sicinski P (2017) Cell cycle-targeting microRNAs promote differentiation by enforcing cell-cycle exit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(40):10660–10665. pii 201702914. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702914114
Gao L, Jiang F (2016) MicroRNA (miRNA) profiling. Methods Mol Biol 1381:151–161
Huber W, Carey VJ, Gentleman R, Anders S, Carlson M, Carvalho BS, Bravo HC, Davis S, Gatto L, Girke T, Gottardo R, Hahne F, Hansen KD, Irizarry RA, Lawrence M, Love MI, MacDonald J, Obenchain V, Oleś AK, Pagès H, Reyes A, Shannon P, Smyth GK, Tenenbaum D, Waldron L, Morgan M (2015) Orchestrating high-throughput genomic analysis with Bioconductor. Nat Methods 12(2):115–121. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3252
Wickham H, Chang W (2017) devtools: tools to make developing R packages easier. R package version 1.13.3. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=devtools.
Falcon S, Gentleman R (2007) Using GOstats to test gene lists for GO term association. Bioinformatics 23(2):257–258
Davis S, Meltzer PS (2017) GEOquery: a bridge between the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and BioConductor. Bioinformatics 23(14):1846–1847
Warnes GR, Bolker B, Bonebakker L, et al. (2016) gplots: various R programming tools for plotting data. R package version 3.0.1. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=gplots.
Ritchie ME, Phipson B, Wu D, Hu Y, Law CW, Shi W, Smyth GK (2015) limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res 43(7):e47
Scrucca L, Fop M, Murphy TB, Raftery AE (2016) mclust 5: clustering, classification and density estimation using Gaussian finite mixture models. R J 8(1):289–317
Pajak M, Simpson TI (2016) miRNAtap: miRNAtap: microRNA targets – aggregated predictions. R package version 1.8.0.
Pajak M, Simpson TI (2016) miRNAtap.db: data for miRNAtap. R package version 0.99.10.
Allaire JJ, Gandrud C, Russell K, Yetman CJ (2017) networkD3: D3 JavaScript network graphs from R. R package version 0.4. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=networkD3.
Cava C, Colaprico A, Bertoli G, Graudenzi A, Silva TC, Olsen C, Noushmehr H, Bontempi G, Mauri G, Castiglioni I (2017) SpidermiR: an R/bioconductor package for integrative analysis with miRNA data. Int J Mol Sci 18(2.): pii: E274). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18020274
Almende BV, Thieurmel B, Robert T (2017) visNetwork: network visualization using ‘vis.js’ library. R package version 2.0.1. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=visNetwork.
Zhang F, Xu Y, Shugart YY, Yue W et al (2015) Converging evidence implicates the abnormal microRNA system in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 41(3):728–735
Dweep H, Sticht C, Pandey P, Gretz N (2011) miRWalk--database: prediction of possible miRNA binding sites by “walking” the genes of three genomes. J Biomed Inform 44(5):839–847
Jiang Q, Wang Y, Hao Y, Juan L, Teng M, Zhang X, Li M, Wang G, Liu Y (2009) miR2Disease: a manually curated database for microRNA deregulation in human disease. Nucleic Acids Res 37(Database issue):D98–104
Hsu JB, Chiu CM, Hsu SD, Huang WY, Chien CH, Lee TY, Huang HD (2011) miRTar: an integrated system for identifying miRNA-target interactions in human. BMC Bioinformatics 12:300. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-12-300
Hsu SD, Lin FM, Wu WY, Liang C, Huang WC, Chan WL, Tsai WT, Chen GZ, Lee CJ, Chiu CM, Chien CH, Wu MC, Huang CY, Tsou AP, Huang HD (2011) miRTarBase: a database curates experimentally validated microRNA-target interactions. Nucleic Acids Res 39(Database issue):D163–D169. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq1107
Russo F, Di Bella S, Nigita G, Macca V, Laganà A, Giugno R, Pulvirenti A, Ferro A (2012) miRandola: extracellular circulating microRNAs database. PLoS One 7(10):e47786. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047786
Rukov JL, Wilentzik R, Jaffe I, Vinther J, Shomron N (2014) Pharmaco-miR: linking microRNAs and drug effects. Brief Bioinform 15(4):648–659. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbs082
Maragkakis M, Reczko M, Simossis VA, Alexiou P, Papadopoulos GL, Dalamagas T, Giannopoulos G, Goumas G, Koukis E, Kourtis K, Vergoulis T, Koziris N, Sellis T, Tsanakas P, Hatzigeorgiou AG (2009) DIANA-microT web server: elucidating microRNA functions through target prediction. Nucleic Acids Res 37(Web Server issue):W273–W276
John B, Enright AJ, Aravin A, Tuschl T, Sander C, Marks DS (2004) Human MicroRNA targets. PLoS Biol 2(11):e363
Krek A, Grün D, Poy MN, Wolf R, Rosenberg L, Epstein EJ, MacMenamin P, da Piedade I, Gunsalus KC, Stoffel M, Rajewsky N (2005) Combinatorial microRNA target predictions. Nat Genet 37(5):495–500
Agarwal V, Bell GW, Nam J, Bartel DP (2015) Predicting effective microRNA target sites in mammalian mRNAs. eLife 4:e05005
Saito R, Smoot ME, Ono K, Ruscheinski J, Wang PL, Lotia S, Pico AR, Bader GD, Ideker T (2012) A travel guide to cytoscape plugins. Nat Methods 9(11):1069–1076. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2212
Montojo J, Zuberi K, Rodriguez H, Bader GD, Morris Q (2014) GeneMANIA: fast gene network construction and function prediction for cytoscape. F1000Res 3(153). https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.4572.1. eCollection 2014
Feng G, Shaw P, Rosen ST, Lin SM, Kibbe WA (2012) Using the bioconductor GeneAnswers package to interpret gene lists. Methods Mol Biol 802:101–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-400-1_7
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Mastriani, E., Zhai, R., Zhu, S. (2018). Microarray-Based MicroRNA Expression Data Analysis with Bioconductor. In: Wang, Y., Sun, Ma. (eds) Transcriptome Data Analysis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1751. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7710-9_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7710-9_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7709-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7710-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols