Editors

Editor-in-Chief                                             
Uberto Pagotto, MD, PhD
University of Bologna 
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences
Bologna, Italy 

Editor-in-Chief Emeritus
Luigi Bartalena, MD, PhD
University of Insubria
Varese, Italy

Associate Editors
Barbara Altieri, MD, University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
Moufida Ben Nasr, PhD, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Sanjay K Bhadada, MD, PGIMER, Chaudigah, India
Carla Bizzarri, MD, PhD, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
Karim Bouzakri, MD, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
Davide Calebiro, MD, PhD, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Philippe Caron, PhD, CHU de Toulouse - Hôpital Larrey, Toulouse, France
Maria Grazia Castagna, MD, PhD, Universita of Siena, Siena, Italy
Giovanni Ceccarini, MD, Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrine Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Filomena Cetani, MD, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Luisella Cianferotti, MD, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Giovanni Corona, MD, PhD, Maggiore Hospital Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Daniela Cota, MD, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
Monica Dentice, MD, PhD, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Francis De Zegher, PhD, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Maria Cristina De Martino, MD, PhD, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Guido di Dalmazi, MD, PhD, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Rossella Elisei, MD, PhD, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Daniela Esposito, MD, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Antongiulio Faggiano, PhD, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
Paolo Fiorina, MD, PhD, Boston University , Massachusetts, USA
Lucia Frittitta, MD, PhD, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Andrea Garolla, MD, PhD, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Leandro Kasuki, MD, PhD, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Anna Koumarianou, MD, PhD, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
Gherardo Mazziotti, MD, PhD, Humanitas University , Milan, Italy
Paolo Moghetti, MD, PhD, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
Sebastio Perrini, MD, PhD, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
Lorenzo Piemonti, MD, PhD, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri, PhD, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Chidhood DETEV, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
Mario Rotondi, MD, PhD, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Gerit-Holger Schernthaner, PhD, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Maria Carolina Salerno, MD, PhD, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
Peter N. Taylor, PhD, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Marily Theodoropoulou, PhD, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Camilla Virili, PhD, Endocrinology Section Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
Danijela Vojnović Milutinović, PhD, University of Belgrade, Belgrado, Serbia
Volkan Yumuk, MD, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey

Editorial Assistant
Elisabetta Bersezio, Turin, Italy

Endocrinology and Art
Enio Martino, MD, PhD, Univresity of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Statistical Experts
Giuseppe Migliaretti, MD, PhD, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

Editorial Board

Robert Adler, MD, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center-Richmond, Richmond VA , USA
Manuela Albertelli, MD, PhD, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genua, Italy
Clara Alvarez, MD, PhD, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Stig Andersen, MD, PhD, Aalborg University , Aalborg, Denmark
Leen Antonio, MD, PhD, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
David Araujo, MD, PhD, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Roberto Baldelli, MD, PhD, Sapienza University , Rome, Italy
Arcangelo Barbonetti, MD, PhD, University of L'Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
Ilaria Barchetta, MD, PhD, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Luigi Bartalena, MD, University of Insubria, Department of Medicine and Surgery , Varese, Italy 
Stefania Basili, MD, PhD, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Alessio Basolo, MD, PhD, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA
Francesco Beguinot, MD, PhD, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Jean-Philippe Bertocchio, MD, PhD, Université de Paris, Paris, France
Sanjay Bhadada, MD, PhD, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
Emmanuel Biver, MD, PhD, University hospital and faculty of medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland, Geneve, Switzerland
Fausto Bogazzi, MD, PhD, University of Pida, Pisa, Italy
Gabriela Brenta, MD, Cesar Milstein Hospital, Caba, Argentina
Fabio Broglio, MD, Università degli Studi di Genova, Turin, Italy
Roberto Cangemi, MD, Sapienza University , Rome, Italy
Donatella Capalbo, MD, PhD, AOU Federico II, Naples, Naples, Italy
Massimiliano Caprio, MD, PhD, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
Marina Caputo, MD, PhD, Centro Medicao San Francesco , Novara, Italy
Jose Carrillo, MD, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
Eva Carro, MD, PhD, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
Enrique Casado, MD, PhD, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Barcelona, Spain
Frederic Castinetti, MD, PhD, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
Antonino Catalano, MD, PhD, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
Patrizio Caturegli, MD, MPH, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, USA
Irene Caruso, MD, PhD, Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
Jane Cauley, MD, PhD, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburgh, USA
Filippo Ceccato, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
Marco Centanni, MD, PhD, Sapienza Universita di Roma, Latina, Italy
Cristiana Cipriani, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Luciano Colangelo, MD, PhD, Sapienza Universita di Roma, Rome, Italy
Maria Jose Colombre Del Campo, MD, PhD, Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Laura Croce, MD, PhD, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
Martine Cuesta, MD, PhD, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
Nathalie Cusano, MD, MS, Northwell Health Physician Partners, New York, USA
Chantal Daumerie, MD, PhD, Université Catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
David Viola, MD, PhD, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Saula Vigili De Kreutzenberg, MD, PhD, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
Sergio Di Molfetta, MD, PhD, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
Neil Docherty, MD, PhD, University College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Malcom Donaldson, MD, PhD, Unviersity of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
Leonidas Duntas, M.D, University of Ulm, Athens, Greece
Andreas Ebbehoj, MD, PhD, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Francesco Felicetti, MD, PhD, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
Piero Ferolla, MD, PhD, Umbria Regional Cancer Network, Perugia, Italy
Francesco Ferrau’, MD, PhD, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
Pietro Formisano, MD, PhD, University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Naples, Italy
Laura Fugazzola, MD, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
Seji Fukumoto, MD, PhD, The Unviersity of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
Daniela Gallo, MD, PhD, ASST Sette Laghi University Hospital, Varese, Italy
Alessandra Gambineri, MD, PhD, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Agostino Gaudio, MD, PhD, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Balazs Gereben, DVM, PhD, DSc, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
Iacopo Gesmundo, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy, Turin, Italy
Silvia Grottoli, MD, PhD, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
Graziano Grugni, MD, PhD, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Verbania, Italy
Maria Hagnas, MD, PhD, University of Oulu, Rovaniemi, Finland
Juergen Harreiter, MD, PhD, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Silvia Ippolito, MD, Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
Andreas Isidori, MD, PhD, FRCP, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Kassim Javaid, MD, PhD, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Gudmundur Joannsson, MD, PhD, University of Gothenbur, Gothenburg, Sweden
Gregory Kaltsas, MD, FRCP, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
Zdravko Kamenov, MD, PhD, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofi a, Bulgaria
Marilena Kampa, BSc, PhD, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Niki Karavitaki, MSc, PhD, FRCP, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford, UK
Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, MD, PhD, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
Fahrettin Kelestimur, MD, Yeditpe University , İstanbul, Turkey
Anna Koumarianou, MD, PhD, Attikon University Hospital , Athens, Greece
Jonathan Adam Krakoff, MD, US Public Health Service Phoenix Indian Medical Center, Phoenix, USA
Gnana Krishnamoorty, PhD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
Sarantis Livadas, MD, PhD, Evgenideio Hospital, Athens, Greece
Angela Lombardi, PhD, Einstein Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
Antonio Lanzone, MD, PhD, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
Francesco Latrofa, MD, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Hervè Le Stunff, PhD, Université Paris-Sud 11, Paris, France
Yun Chau Long, PhD, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Stefano Luisi, MD, PhD, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
Isabella Lupi, MD, PhD, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Manuel Luque-Ramirez, MD, PhD, Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
Flavia Magri, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia,, Pavia, Italy
Rosellina Mancina, MD, PhD, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Melania Manco, MD, PhD, FACN, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
Monica Marazuela, MD, PhD, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Loredana Marcovecchio, MD, PhD, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Liliana V. Marina, Belgrade, Serbia
Michele Marino’, MD, PhD, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Paolo Marzullo, MD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Novara, Italy
Antonio Matrone, MD, PhD, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Rossella Mazzilli, MD, PhD, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Blazej Meczekalski, MD, PhD, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Chiara Mele, MD, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
Andreas Merker, MD, PhD, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Agostino Milluzzo, MD, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Fabio Monzani, MD, PhD, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Stefano Mora, MD, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
Ilaria Muller, MD, PhD, Cardiff University , Cardiff, UK
Giuseppe Murdolo, MD, PhD, Perugia Hospital, Assisi, Italy
Alice Nervo, MD, City of Health and Science Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
Gianluca Occhi, PhD, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
Furio Pacini, MD, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
Francesco Paneni, MD, Ph.D., FESC, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
Attila Patocs, MD, MSc, PhD DSC, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
Kalliope Pazaitou-Panayiotou, MD, PhD, University of Siena, Thessaloniki, Greece
Gabriella Pellegriti, PhD, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Jessica Pepe, M.D., PhD, Sapienza univeristy of Rome, Rome, Italy
Alessandro Peri, MD, PhD, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Paolo Piaggi, PhD, FTOS, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, Phoenix, USA
Eliana Piantanida, PhD, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
Peter Pietschmann, MD , Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
Duarte Pignatelli, M.D., Ph.D., Hosp S João Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Tania Pilli, MD, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
Nagareddy Prabhakara, M.Pharm, MSc, PhD, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
Nunzia Prencipe, M.D., PhD, Division of Endocrinoloy, Diabetes and Metabolism; University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Flavia Prodam, MD, PhD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
Andrea Pucci, PhD, University College Hospital in London , London, UK
Carmelo Quarta, PhD, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Sudhaker D. Rao, M,B;B.S., FACP, FACE, FESI, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone & Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, USA
Giulia Rastrelli, MD, PhD, Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" - University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Salman Razvi, MD, Newcastle University , Newcastle, UK
Samuel Refetoff, MD, CM, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
Jacob Reisman, Please remove , , Tel Aviv, Israel
Eyal Robenshtok, MD, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Vincenzo Rochira, MD, PhD, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri, MD, PhD, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
Mikael Ryden, PhD, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Domenico Salvatore, PhD, University of Naples , Naples, Italy
Andrea Sansone, MD, PhD, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Daniele Santi, PhD, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Alfredo Scillitani S. Giovanni, PhD, IRCCS Hospital Home for the Relief of Suffering, Rotondo, Italy
Luis Miguel Garcia Segura, MD, PhD, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Federica Sentinelli, PhD, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Anna Solini, MD, PhD, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Gian Pio Sorice, MD, PhD, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy, Rome, Italy
Marius Stan, MD, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
Mihaela Stefan-Lifshitz, PhD, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York, USA
Hernan Tala, MD, Alemana Clinic, Santiago, Chile
Maria Laura Tanda, MD, PhD, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
Chris Thompson, MD, PhD, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
Massimo Tonacchera, PhD, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Laura Trementino, Remove, , Republic of San Marino,
Claudio Urbani, MD, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Walter Vena, MD, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
Leonardo Vieira Neto, MD, PhD, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Linda Vignozzi, MD, PhD, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Camilla Virili, MD, PhD, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
Edward Visser, MD, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Ester Vitacolonna, MD, University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy
Marcela Walker, MD, Columbia University , New York, USA
Francesco Zaccardi, MD, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
Milos Zarkovic, MD, PhD, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
Marco Zavattaro, PhD, University of Turin, Novara, Italy
Besharat Zein Mersini, PhD, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy