1. Foreword

   • Thomas Karl

   EditorialNotes Pages: V - V

2. The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)

   • Thomas Spence
   • John Townshend

   EditorialNotes Pages: 131 - 134

3. Long-term climate monitoring by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)

   • Thomas Karl
   • Francis Bretherton
   • Kevin Trenberth

   OriginalPaper Pages: 135 - 147

4. Long-term climate monitoring by the Global Climate Observing System

   • Christopher Miller
   • Francis Bretherton

   OriginalPaper Pages: 149 - 162

5. Long-term climate monitoring by the Global Climate Observing System

   • Kevin E. Trenberth

   OriginalPaper Pages: 163 - 180

6. Long-term climate monitoring by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)

   • William E. Easterling

   OriginalPaper Pages: 181 - 184

7. Critical issues for long-term climate monitoring

   • Thomas R. Karl
   • Vernon E. Derr
   • Gregory W. Withee

   OriginalPaper Pages: 185 - 221

8. Toward a scientific centered climate monitoring system

   • J. D. Mahlman

   OriginalPaper Pages: 223 - 230

9. Long-term climate monitoring and extreme events

   • Neville Nicholls

   OriginalPaper Pages: 231 - 245

10. Low-cost long-term monitoring of global climate forcings and feedbacks

    • J. Hansen
    • W. Rossow
    • M. Sato

    OriginalPaper Pages: 247 - 271

11. Regional climate changes as simulated in time-slice experiments

    • U. Cubasch
    • J. Waszkewitz
    • J. Perlwitz

    OriginalPaper Pages: 273 - 304

12. Monitoring changes of clouds

    • William B. Rossow
    • Brian Cairns

    OriginalPaper Pages: 305 - 347

13. On detecting long-term changes in atmospheric moisture

    • William P. Elliott

    OriginalPaper Pages: 349 - 367

14. Long-term observations for monitoring of the cryosphere

    • John E. Walsh

    OriginalPaper Pages: 369 - 394

15. Satellite monitoring of global land cover changes and their impact on climate

    • Ramakrishna R. Nemani
    • Steven W. Running

    OriginalPaper Pages: 395 - 413

16. Long-term observations of land surface characteristics

    • Chester F. Ropelewski

    OriginalPaper Pages: 415 - 425

17. Atmospheric circulation climate changes

    • Kevin E. Trenberth

    OriginalPaper Pages: 427 - 453

18. Temperature above the surface layer

    • John R. Christy

    OriginalPaper Pages: 455 - 474

19. An ocean observing system for climate

    • Neville R. Smith
    • George T. Needler
    • The Ocean Observing System Development Panel

    OriginalPaper Pages: 475 - 494

20. Observational evidence of interannual to decadal-scale variability of the subsurface temperature-salinity structure of the world ocean

    • Sydney Levitus
    • John Antonov

    OriginalPaper Pages: 495 - 514

21. Monitoring sea level changes

    • Vivien Gornitz

    OriginalPaper Pages: 515 - 544

22. Land surface temperatures - is the network good enough?

    • P. D. Jones

    OriginalPaper Pages: 545 - 558

23. Marine surface temperature: Observed variations and data requirements

    • D. E. Parker
    • C. K. Folland
    • M. Jackson

    OriginalPaper Pages: 559 - 600

24. Documenting and detecting long-term precipitation trends: Where we are and what should be done

    • Pavel Ya. Groisman
    • David R. Legates

    OriginalPaper Pages: 601 - 622

25. Indexes of leading climate indicators for impact assessment

    • W. E. Easterling
    • R. W. Kates

    OriginalPaper Pages: 623 - 648