Abstract
In human adults, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is capable of healing and regeneration. In order to reestablish function, nerve tissue must heal by true regeneration of a functional structure, since healing by simple scar will not reestablish electrical connectivity. Nerve guidance systems have been used experimentally to enhance regeneration through the use of functionalized gels, the delivery of growth-promoting molecules, and the use of neuronal support cells or genetically engineered cells. The objectives of this chapter are to overview the methods used to construct gels for nerve stimulating regeneration and to outline the surgical techniques to implant nerve guidance systems.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Sanes, J. R. (1989) Extracellular matrix molecules influence neural development. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 12, 491ā516.
Purves, D. and Lichtman, J. (1985) Principles of Neural Development. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, pp. 81ā130.
Medical Devices and Diagnostic Industry. (1985) August P. 3.
De La Torre, J. C. (1981) Spinal cord injury, review of basic and applied research. Spine 6, 315.
Puchala, E. and Windle, W. F. (1977) The possibility of structural and functional restitution after spinal cord injury, a review. Exp. Neurol. 55, 1.
Beggs, J. L. and Waggener, J. D. (1979) The acute microvascular responses to spinal cord injury. Adv. Neurol. 22, 179.
Faden, A. I., Jacobs, T. P., and Holaday, J. W. (1981) Endorphins in experimental spinal injury, therapeutic effect of naloxone. Ann. Neurol. 10, 326.
Hausmann, B., Sievers, J., Hermanns, J., and Berry, M. (1989) Regeneration of axons from adult rat optic nerve: influence of fetal brain grafts, laminin and artificial basement membrane. J. Comp. Neurol. 281, 447ā466.
Guenard, V., Kleitman, N., Morrissey, T. K., Bunge, R. P., and Aebischer, P. (1992) Syngeneic Schwann Cells derived from adult nerves seeded in semipermeable guidance channels enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. J. Neurosci. 12, 3310ā3320.
Martini, R. (1994) Expression and functional roles of neural cell surface molecules and extracellular matrix components during development and regeneration of peripheral nerves. J. Neurocytol. 23, 1ā28.
Le Beau, J. M., Liuzzi, F. J., Depto, A. S., and Vinik, A. I. (1995) Up-regulation of laminin B2 gene expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons and nonneuronal cells during sciatic nerve regeneration. Exp. Neurol. 134, 150ā155.
Cornbrooks, C. J., Carey, D., McDonald, J. A., Trimpl, R., and Bunge, R. P. (1983) In vivo and in vitro observations on laminin production by Schwann cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 80, 3850.
Bunge, R. P. and Bunge, M. B. (1983) Interelationship between Schwann cell function and extracellular matrix production. Trends Neurosci. 6, 499.
Aguayo, A. J., Vidal-Sanz, M., Villegas-Perez, M. P., Bray, G. M. (1987) Growth and connectivity of axotomized retinal neurons in adult rats with optic nerves substituted by PNS grafts linking eye and the midbrain. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 495, 1ā9.
Villegas-Perez, M. P., Vidal-Sanz, M., Bray, G. M., Aguayo, A. J. (1988) Influences of peripheral nerve grafts to enhance neuronal survival, promote growth and permit terminal reconnections in the central nervous system of adult rats [review]. J. Exp. Biol. 132, 5ā19.
Schwab, M. E. (1990) Myelin associated inhibitors of neurite growth and regeneration in the CNS. Trends Neurosci. 13, 452ā456.
McCormack, M. L., Goddard, M., Guenard, V., and Aebischer, P., (1991) Comparison of dorsal and ventral spinal root regeneration through semipermeable guidance channels. J. Comp. Neurol. 313, 449ā456.
Manthorpe, M., Engvall, E., Ruoslahti, E., Longo, F. M., Davis, G. E., and Varon, S. (1983) Laminin promotes neuritic regeneration from cultured peripheral and central neurons. J. Cell Biol. 97, 1882ā1890.
Civerchia-Perez, L., Faris, B., Lapointe, G., Beldekas, J., Leibowitz, H., and Franzblau, C. (1980) Use of collagen hydroxyethylmethacrylate hydrogels for cell growth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 2064ā2068.
Bergethon, P. R., Trinkaus-Randall, V., and Franzblau, C. (1989) Modified hydroxyethylmethacrylate hydrogels as a modeling tool for the study of cell-substratum interactions. . J. Cell Sci. 92, 111ā121.
Woerly, S., Marchand, R., and Lavallee, C. (1991) Interactions of copolymeric poly (glyceryl methacrylate)-collagen hydrogels with neural tissue: effects of structure and polar groups. Biomaterials 12, 197ā203.
Refojo, M. F. (1965) Glyceryl methacrylate hydrogels. J. Appl. Polymer. Sci. 9, 3161ā3170.
Elsdale, T. and Bard, J. (1972) Collagen substrate for studies on cell behavior. J. Cell Biol. 54, 626ā637.
Collagen Corporation, Technical Product Notes on Vitrogen 100Ā®, #3001-11-0395.
Hearn MTW (1987) 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole-mediated immobilization of enzymes and affinity ligands. Methods. Enzymol. 135, 102ā117.
Bellamkonda, R., Ranieri, J. P., and Aebischer, P. (1995) Laminin oligopeptide derivatized agarose gels allow three-dimensional neurite extension in vitro. J. Neurosci. Res. 41, 501ā509.
Parker, J. M. R. and Hodges, R. S. (1985) Photoaffinity probes provide a general method to prepare peptide-conjugates from native protein fragments. J. Protein Chem. 3, 479ā489.
Bellamkonda, R., Dillon, G. P., and Xiaojun, Yu. (1996) A hydrogel based 3D biopolymeric matrix for Nerve Regeneration. Soc. Neurosci. Abstracts 22, 316.
Lennard, P. R. (1990) Image analysis for all. Nature 347, 103ā104.
Bellamkonda, R., Ranieri, J. P., Bouche, N., and Aebischer, P. (1995) A hydrogel based three dimensional matrix for neural cells. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 29, 663ā671.
Shaw, E. D., Salmon, and Quatrano, R. S., (1995) Digital photography for the light microscope: Results with a gated, video-rate CCD Camera and NIH-Image software. Biotechniques 19, 946ā955.
Valentini, R. F., Aebischer, P., Winn, S. R., and Galletti, P. M. (1987) Collagen-and laminin-containing gels impede peripheral nerve regneration through semipermeable nerve guidance channels. Exp. Neurol. 98, 350.
Valentini, R. F., Sabatini, A. M., Dario, P., Aebischer. (1989) Polymerelectret guidance channels enhance peripheral nerve regeneration in mice. Brain Res. 48, 300.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Ā© 1999 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Bellamkonda, R.V., Valentini, R.F. (1999). Fabrication and Implantation of Gel-Filled Nerve Guidance Channels. In: Morgan, J.R., Yarmush, M.L. (eds) Tissue Engineering Methods and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Medicineā¢, vol 18. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-516-6:101
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-516-6:101
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-516-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-602-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols