Abstract
d-Glucaric acid (GA) 1s a natural, apparently nontoxic compound produced in small amounts by mammals, including humans (1) and by some plants. Specifically, GA or Its derlvatlves have been found in the latex of a succulent plant (2); mung bean seedlmgs (3); seedlings and needles of gymnosperms (4), latex, leaves, or stems of different succulent plants (5), and tomato leaves (6). GA has been detected in sweet cherry fruits (7) and citrus fruits (8). The formation of GA from d-glucuronic acid has been demonstrated in Phaseolus aureus, I.e., mung bean sprouts (3) and Euphorbium canariensis (9). d-Glucuronic acid is also readily converted to GA in young needles of Larynx decidua, but the pathway 1s less active in older needles (4). Recently, a number of fruits and vegetables have been analyzed for the purpose of identifying plant foods rich in GA (10).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Marsh C. A. (1963) Metabolism of d-glucuronolactoneinmammalian systems II Conversion of d-glucuronolactone into d-glucaric acid by tissue preparation Biochem. J. 87, 82ā90.
Gorter M. K. (1912) Note sur les acides chlorogenique et saccharique dans le latex Rec Trav Chim 31, 28lā286
Kessler G, Neufeld E, Feingold D. S., and Hassid W Z. (1961) Metabolism of d-glucuromc acid and d-galacturonic acidinPhaseolus aureus seedlings. J Biol Chem 236, 308ā312
Dittrich P and Kandler O (1971) Biosynthesis of d-glucaric acidinneedles of Larix decidua Z Pflanzen Physiol 66, 368ā371
Kingstad R and Nordal A (1975) Lactone forming acids in succulent plants Phytochemistry 14, 1868ā1870.
Elliger C A, Lundin R E., and Haddon W. F (1981) Caffeyl esters of glucanc acidinLycopersicon esculentum leaves Phytochemistry 20, 1133,1134
Oen H and Vestheim S (1985) Detection of non-volatile acids in sweet cherry fruits. Acta Agric scand 35, 145ā152.
Risch B., Herrmann K, and Wray V. (1988) (E)-o-p-cumaroyl-(E)-O-feruloyl-derivatives of glucaric acid in citrus. Phytochemistry 27, 3327ā3329
Winsnes R. (1972) Lactonic acidsinthe latex of Euphorbium canariensis L.inrelation to succulent metabolism. isolation and characterization of d-glucaric acid Medd Norsk Farm Selskap 34, 1ā8
Walaszek Z, SzemraJ J., Hanausek M., Adams A K., and Sherman U. (1996) d-Glucaric acid content of various fruits and vegetables and cholesterol lowering effects of dietary d-glucarateinthe rat. Nutr Res 16, 673ā681.
Levvy G A and Conchie J (1966) Ī²-Glucuromdase and the hydrolysis of glucuronides, in Glucuronic Acid Free and Combined (Dutton G J, ed), Academic, New York, pp 301ā364
Horton D. and Walaszek Z (1982) Conformation of the d-glucarolactones and d-glucaric acidinsolution Carbohydr Res 105, 95ā109.
Marsh C A (1963) Metabolism of d-glucarolactone in mammalian system. identlfication of d-glucaric acid as normal constituent of urine Biochem J 86, 77ā86
Dutton G J (1980) Glucuronidation of Drugs and Other Compounds, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 83ā89.
Matsul M., Fukuo A, Watanabe Y, Wanibe T., and Okada M (1972) Studies on the glucaric acid pathway in the metabolism of d-glucuromc acid in mammals. IV. Fluorometrtc method for the determination of d-glucaric acid in serum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 20, 845ā848
Colombt A, Maroni M., Antonmi C., Fait A., Zocchetti C., and Foa V. (1983) Influence of sex, age and smoking habits on the urinary excretion of d-glucaric acid. Clin Chim Acta 128, 349ā358.
Dohrmann R. E. (1969) Ī²Glucuronidase, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg
Walaszek Z. (1990) Potential use of d-glucaric acid derivatives in cancer prevention Cancer Lett 54, 1ā8.
Walaszek Z (1993) Chemopreventive properties of d-glucaric acid derivatives Cancer Bull. 45, 453ā457
Heerdt A. S, Young C W, and Borge P I (1995) Calcium d-glucarate as a chemopreventive agent in breast cancer. Isr J Med Sci 31, 101ā105
Walaszek Z, SzemraJ J, Adams A. K., Kordari P, and Hanausek M (1996) Reduced levels of d-glucaric acid in mammary tumor-bearmg hosts and the effect of Its supplementation durmg estrogen replacement and tamoxifen therapy Proc Am. Assoc Cancer Res. 37, 235.
Marsh C. A (1985) An enzymatic determmation of d-glucaric acid by conversion to pyruvate. Anal Biochem 145, 266ā272.
Blumentahl H J, Lucuta V L, and Blumentahl D C (1990) Specific enzymatic assay for d-glucarate in human serum. Anal Biochem 185, 286ā293
Laakso E I, Tokola R A, and Hirivisalo E L. (1983) Determination of d-glucartc acid by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatog 278, 406ā411
Walaszek Z., Szemraj J., Narog M, Adams A. K., Kilgore J, Sherman U., and Hanausek M. (1997) Metabolism, uptake and excretion of a d-glucaric acid salt and its potential use in cancer prevention Cancer Det Prev 21, 178ā190.
Brewster M. A (1988) Biomarkers of xenobiotic exposure Ann Clin Lab Sci l8, 306ā317
Bradford M. (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgra quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding Anal Biochem. 72, 248ā249
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
Ā© 1998 Humana Press Inc, Totowa, NJ
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Walaszek, Z., Hanausek, M., Szemraj, J., Adams, A.K. (1998). d-Glucaric Acid as a Prospective Tumor Marker. In: Hanausek, M., Walaszek, Z. (eds) Tumor Marker Protocols. Methods in Molecular Medicineā¢, vol 14. Springer, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-380-5:487
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-380-5:487
Publisher Name: Springer, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-380-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-598-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols