Abstract
In both the United Kingdom and the United States, unclassified documents were issued in September and October 2002 respectively by the two governments setting out why action needed to be taken against Iraq. The UK Government issued a 53 page dossier1 entitled ‘Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Assessment of the British Government’ and the Central Intelligence Agency of the US Government issued a 28 page report2 entitled ‘Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction Programs.’ These two documents reached largely similar conclusions about Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction (see Table 7.1). The foreword to the UK dossier signed by Prime Minister Tony Blair stated:
What I believe the assessed intelligence has established beyond doubt is that Saddam has continued to produce chemical and biological weapons, that he continues in his efforts to develop nuclear weapons, and that he has been able to extend the range of his ballistic missile programme. I also believe that, as stated in the document, Saddam will now do his utmost to try to conceal his weapons from UN inspectors.
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Notes
UK Government, Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Assessment of the British Government, September 2002. Available at http://www.pm.gov.uk
United States Central Intelligence Agency, Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction Programmes, October 2002 (28 pages). Available at http://www.cia.gov/cia/public_affairs/press_release/2003/pr11282003.html. An 8 page summary of the Key Judgments from the October 2002 National Intelligence Estimate is available at http://www.fas.org/irp/news/2003/07/wh071803.html and at http://www.cia.gov/cia/public_affairs/press_release/2003/pr11282003.html. A subsequent statement by Stu Cohen, Iraq’s WMD Programmes: Culling Hard Facts from Soft Myths, 28 November 2003 available at http://www.cia.gov/cia/public_affairs/press_release/2003/pr11282003.html makes it clear that the original October 2002 National Intelligence Estimate was a 90 page document.
White House, Senior Administration Official Holds Background Briefing on Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq, as Released by the White House, July 18, 2003. Available at http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/news/2003/intell-030718-wh.htm and at http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/news/2003/intell-030718-wh.htm.
Central Intelligence Agency, Director of Central Intelligence, Statement by Director of Central Intelligence George J. Tenet on the 2002 National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Iraq’s Continuing Programmes for Weapons of Mass Destruction, 11 August 2003. Available at http://www.cia.gov/cia/public_affairs/press_release/2003/pr08112003.htm.
Department of Defense, IRAQ: What Does Disarmament Look Like?, Remarks as Delivered by Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz, Council on Foreign Relations, New York City, NY, Thursday, January 23, 2003. Available at http://www.state.gov/t/np/rls/other/16820.htm. A shorter version was also circulated by the White House, What Does Disarmament Look Like, 23 January 2003. Available at http://www.state.gov/t/np/rls/other/16820.htm.
10 Downing Street, Iraq — its infrastructure of concealment, deception and intimidation, January 2003 issued 3 February 2003. Available at http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/page1470.asp.
Although the statement and presentation made by Secretary of State Colin Powell are available on http://www.state.gov and elsewhere, the United Nations record of the Security Council meeting provides also the remarks made by the other members of the Security Council following the presentation. United Nations Security Council, 4701st Meeting, S/PV.4701, 5 February 2003. Available at http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/resguide/scact2003.htm.
These mobile biological production facilities were described in greater detail in May 2003 in a CIA/DIA publication. Central Intelligence Agency/Defence Intelligence Agency, Iraqi Mobile Biological Warfare Agent Production Plants, 28 May 2003. Available at http://www.cia.gov/cia/reports/iraqi_mobile_plants/index.html.
United Nations Security Council, 4701st Meeting, S/PV.4701, 5 February 2003.
The White House, President Bush Addresses the Nation, 10.16pm EST, 19 March 2003. Available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/03/20030319–17.html.
10 Downing Street, Prime Minister’s Address to the Nation, 20 March 2003. Available at http://www.pm.gov.uk/print/page3327.asp.
House Armed Services Committee, Terrorism, Unconventional Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee, Statement of the Honorable Jim Saxton, 19 March 2003. Available at http://www.house.gov/hasc/pressreleases/2003/03–03-19saxton.htm.
House Armed Services Committee, Terrorism, Unconventional Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee, Statement by Brigadier General Stephen V. Reeves, Programme Executive Officer for the Chemical and Biological Defense Programme, 19 March 2003. Available at http://www.house.gov/hasc/openingstatementsandpressreleases/08thcongress/03–03-19reeves.html.
House of Commons, Iraq (Military Operations), Statement by the Secretary of State for Defence (Mr. Geoffrey Hoon), 26 March 2003. Available at http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030326/debtext/30326–05.htm#30326–05 head0.
House of Commons, Iraq and the Middle East, Statement by the Prime Minister (Mr. Tony Blair), 14 April 2003. Available at http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030414/debtext/30414–05.htm#30414–05_head0.
The White House, President Bush Announces Major Combat Operations in Iraq Have Ended, Remarks by the President from the USS Abraham Lincoln at sea off the coast of San Diego, California, 1 May 2003. Available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/05/iraq/20030501–15.html.
United Nations Security Council, Letter dated 8 May 2003 from the Permanent Representatives of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council, S/2003/538, 8 May 2003.
Joseph Cirincone, Jessica T. Mathews, George Perkovich with Alexis Orton, WMD in Iraq Evidence and Implications, January 2004, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Available at http://www.ceip.org.
Joseph Cirincone, Jessica T. Mathews, George Perkovich with Alexis Orton, WMD in Iraq Evidence and Implications, January 2004, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Table 1, p. 19. Available at http://www.ceip.org/files/pdf/Iraq3tablel.pdf.
Department of Defense, Briefing on the Iraq Survey Group, 30 May 2003. Available at http://www.dod.gov/transcripts/2003/tr20030530–0231.html.
United Nations Security Council, Resolution 1483 (2003) Adopted by the Security Council at its 4761st meeting, on 22 May 2003, S/RES/1483 (2003), 22 May 2003. Available at http://www.un.org/Depts/dhl/resguide/scact2003.htm.
United Nations Security Council, Letter dated 8 May 2003 from the Permanent Representatives of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council, S/2003/538, 8 May 2003.
Central Intelligence Agency, Statement by David Kay on the Interim Progress Report on the Activities of the Iraq Survey Group (ISG) before the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, The House Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Defense, and the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 2 October 2003. Available at http://www.cia.gov/cia/public_affairs/speeches/2003/david_kay_10022003.html.
United Nations Security Council, 4869th Meeting, S/PV.4869, 21 November 2003.
United States Senate Armed Services Committee, Iraqi Weapons of Mass Destruction Programmes, Hearing, 28 January 2004.
United Nations Security Council, 4914th Meeting, S/PV.4914, 24 February 2004.
Arms Control Association, Searching for the Truth About Iraq’s WMD An interview with David Kay, March 5, 2004. Available at http://www.armscontrol.org/aca/midmonth/2004March/Kay.asp.
Also David Kay: Il faut reconnaître nos erreurs pour restaurer notre crédibilité, Le Figaro, 19 March 2004. Available at http://www.lefigaro.fr/.
Charles Duelfer, Testimony to the US Congress by Mr. Charles Duelfer, Director of Central Intelligence Special Advisor for Strategy regarding Iraqi Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Programmes, March 30, 2004. Available at http://www.cia.gov/cia/public_affairs/speeches/2004/tenettestimony03302004.html.
United Nations Security Council, 4971stMeeting, S/PV.4971, 19 May 2004.
United States Central Intelligence Agency, Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq’s WMD, 30 September 2004.
House of Commons, Iraq, Statement by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (Mr. Jack Straw), 12 October 2004. Available at http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmhansrd/cm041012/debtext/41012–09.htm.
Adam Bye, Iraq: The Dossier, UK Mission New York letter to Mark Sedwill, PS to Foreign Secretary dated 12 September 2002.
United States Senate, Select Committee on Intelligence, Report on the U.S. Intelligence Community’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, 7 July 2004. Available at http://intelligence.senate.gov/iraqreport2.pdf.
The Stationery Office, Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction, Report of a Committee of Privy Councillors, 14 July 2004. Available at http://www.butlerreview.org.uk/report/index.asp.
Hans Blix, Disarming Iraq The Search for Weapons of Mass Destruction, Bloomsbury, London, 2004, p. 112.
Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Joint Committee on ASIO, ASIS and DSD, Inquiry into Intelligence on Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD), Parliamentary Paper No. 47/2004; Tabled 1 March 2004. Available at http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/pjcaad/WMD/report.htm.
United Nations Security Council, Letter dated 27 January 1999 from the Permanent Representatives of the Netherlands and Slovenia to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council, S/1999/94, 29 January 1999, pp. 148–9.
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© 2005 Graham S. Pearson
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Pearson, G. (2005). The Developments Leading to War in March 2003 and the Iraq Survey Group. In: The Search for Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction. Global Issues Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230512580_7
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