Abstract
In the winter and spring of 1942, Allied fortunes in the war were at a low ebb. Germany had conquered most of Europe; Italy held large areas of Africa; Japan held sway over much of China, Southeast Asia, and the South Pacific. The battles of Midway, Stalingrad, el-Alamein were yet to come.
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Notes
For these details see the official history, Sir Charles Webster and Noble Frankland, The Strategic Air Offensive Against Germany (London: HMSO, 1961).
For Churchill’s complicity (and his ability to cover his tracks) see Max Hastings, Bomber Offensive (London: Macmillan, 1968).
For the figure, confirmed by British sources, see Hans Rumpf, The Bombing of Germany (London: White Lion, 1963).
For these moral accusations and counter-accusations, see Anthony Verrier, The Bomber Offensive (London: Collins, 1968).
For the steps leading to Dresden see Alexander McKee, Dresden 1945: The Devil’s Tinderbox (New York: Dutton, 1982).
For this and other nasty sides to the campaign, see F.J.P. Veale, Advance to Barbarism (London: Thomson and Smith, 1948).
See Thomas Coffey, Decision over Schweinfurt: The U.S. 8th Air Force Battle for Daylight Bombing (New York: David McKay, 1977).
See Arthur Harris, Bomber Offensive (London: Collins, 1947) for Harris’s battle against Sinclair over oil refinery bombings.
See Martin Middlebrook, The Battle of Hamburg (New York: Scribner’s 1981) for the firestorm and its sequels.
For this and the following account of the American raids on Japan, see the official history, The Army Air Forces in World War II (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948–58). A good one-volume account is Michael Sherry, The Rise of American Air Power (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987).
Martin Caidin, A Torch to the Enemy: The Fire Raid on Tokyo (Baltimore, Md: Ballantine Books, 1960).
Barton J. Bernstein and Allen J. Matusow (eds.), The Truman Administration: A Documentary History (New York: Harper & Row, 1966), pp. 40–1.
For this and the ensuing account of the evolution of American nuclear war fighting plans see David Alan Rosenberg’s magisterial article, ‘The Origins of Overkill,’ International Security 7 (1983).
Douglas P. Lackey, Moral Principles and Nuclear Weapons (Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Allanheld, 1984).
For Ellsberg and RAND and SIOP-63, see Fred Kaplan, The Wizards of Armageddon (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983).
Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars (New York: Basic Books, 1977), chapter 10.
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© 2004 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
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Lackey, D. (2004). The Evolution of the Modern Terrorist State: Area Bombing and Nuclear Deterrence. In: Primoratz, I. (eds) Terrorism. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230204546_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230204546_10
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