Abstract
The beginning of the conflict in the DRC on August 2, 1998 triggered a flurry of diplomatic efforts aimed at resolving it. Regional leaders led by Robert Mugabe met in Victoria Falls on August 8 to seek a peaceful resolution. Invited to the Zimbabwean tourist resort were President Sam Nujoma of Namibia, Yoweri Museveni of Uganda, Frederick Chiluba of Zambia, Pasteur Bizimungu of Rwanda, Benjamin Mpaka of Tanzania, and Laurent-Desiré Kabila of the DRC. There had been some doubts about whether or not Museveni would attend.1 Mugabe was asked to host the summit by the leaders of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) at the recently completed Southern African International Dialogue Summit held in Windhoek, Namibia.2 Ultimately, representatives of four nations Namibia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, and Zambia—attended, working out a plan for immediate action.3 In the week following the summit, ministers from these countries comprising the so-called Mediation and Verification Committee began shuttling between Uganda, Rwanda, and the DRC, investigating Kinshasa’s allegations that Kigali and Kampala were behind the Congolese rebellion.4 On August 11, the UN and the OAU called for sanctions on countries involved in destabilizing the DRC and jointly dispatched a team to that country to assess the situation.5
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Notes
IRIN-SA, “DRC: Regional Leaders to Meet to Discuss Rebellion,” August 7, 1998.
IRIN-SA, “DRC: Regional Leaders to Meet to Discuss Rebellion,” August 7, 1998.
Reuters, “No Signs of Breakthrough in Harare Talks on Congo,” August 18, 1998.
IRIN-SA, “African Defense Ministers Meet,” August 7, 1998.
Reuters, “Kabila to Meet 3 African Defense Chiefs on Crisis,” August 17, 1998.
IRIN-SA, “DRC: Regional Mediation Efforts Intensify,” August 18, 1998.
UNDPI, “Security Council President Stresses Importance of Regional Efforts to Resolve Conflict in Congo-Kinshasa,” August 20, 1998.
IRIN-SA, “South Africa-DRC: Pretoria Plays Peace Role,” August 7, 1998.
Reuters, “Kabila Minister Held, Mandela Renewed Peace Bid,” August 20, 1998.
PANA, “Museveni Proposes Summit on DRC Crisis,” August 23, 1998.
Reuters, “Congo Rebels Say Little Chance for Ceasefire,” August 24, 1998.
UNDPI, “Council Calls for Peaceful Solution to Conflict in DRC,” August 31, 1998.
UN-DPI, “United Nations Secretary-General Meets a Number of African Leaders to Discuss Congo-Kinshasa,” September 2, 1998.
Reuters, “Kabila Talks on Eve of Peace Meeting,” September 10, 1998.
IRIN-SA, “DRC Talks: Zambia to Host Regional Peace Bid,” October 23, 1998.
PANA, “DRC: Crucial Meeting on Congo Begins,” October 26, 1998.
AFP, “DR Congo Rebels to Attend Gaborone Talks,” November 19, 1998.
AFP, “U.S. Envoys on Seven-Nation Africa Tour to Discuss Congo,” October 26, 1998.
PANA, “U.S. Striving to Resolve DRC Crisis,” November 2, 1998.
U.S. Information Agency, “Assistant Secretary of State Rice on Trip to Africa,” November 17, 1998.
AFP, “EU, Africa Press Rwanda over Role in DR Congo,” November 4, 1998.
AFP, “Kinshasa Asks UN Security Council to Condemn Rwanda,” November 6, 1998.
AFP, “EU Seeks More Active Role in the DR Congo,” November 24, 1998.
AFP, “Giant France-African Summit Sees Progress toward DR Congo Peace,” November 29, 1998.
PANA, “OAU Maintains Guarded Optimism on DRC Conflict,” November 20, 1998.
AFP, “DRC Conflict ‘Could Be Resolved this Year,’” November 27, 1998.
Reuters, “EU Threatens Aid Cut if No Congo Ceasefire Soon,” December 10, 1998.
Reuters, “Congo Rules out Peace Talks if Rebels Attend,” December 10, 1998.
PANA, “Summit on Congo Conflict Postponed,” December 14, 1998.
PANA, “Abortive Lusaka Summit Dampens Hopes in DRC,” December 29, 1998.
PANA, “Chiluba Says Rebels Will Attend Summit on Congo Conflict,” January 4, 1999.
IRIN-SA, “DR Congo: South Africa Pushes for Ceasefire,” January 14, 1999.
PANA, “Kabila Finally Sends Delegation to Peace Talks,” January 15, 1999.
IRIN-SA, “Zambia: Angola Accusation Mars DRC Talks,” January 18, 1999.
PANA, “DRC Ceasefire Drafting Goes on despite Uganda, Rwanda Walk-out,” February 5, 1999.
IRIN-SA, “DRC: South Africa Reaffirmed Backing for Lusaka Talks,” February 8, 1999.
PANA, “President Chisano in Kinshasa,” February 24, 1999.
PANA, “Four-Nation Summit on DRC Crisis Open,” March 1, 1999.
AFP, “Mugabe Accused Uganda and Rwanda of Stalling DRC Peace Process,” March 5, 1999.
AFP, “Angola, DR Congo Rebels Invited to a OAU Summit,” March 11, 1999.
AFP, “OAU Summit in Ouagadougou Canceled,” March 17, 1999.
IRIN-SA, “Southern Africa: SADC Meeting on Refusal Conflicts,” March 17, 1999.
AFP, “Regional Conflicts Top the Agenda at OAU Meeting,” March 23, 1999.
AFP, “Nujoma Worried over Slow Progress towards DRC Peace,” March 25, 1999.
PANA, “Peace Talks on DRC Resume in Zambia,” April 14, 1999.
IRIN-SA, “Southern Africa: Congo Ceasefire Talks Underway in Lusaka,” April 15, 1999.
PANA, “DRC Talks End after Rebels Walk Out,” April 17, 1999.
AFP, “African Great Lakes Ceasefire Signed in Libya,” April 18, 1999.
IRIN, “DRC: National Debate on ‘with or without’ Rebels,” April 28. 1999.
AFP, “DR Congo Talks Postponed, Again,” April 30, 1999.
AFP, “African Leaders Discuss Different Approaches to DR Congo War,” May 5, 1999.
UN-DPI, “Security Council Members Call on Parties in DR Congo to Sign Ceasefire Agreement,” May 11, 1999.
PANA, “Chiluba Consults with Mkapa on DRC Peace,” May 12, 1999.
AFP, “Ministers to Meet on DRC in Lusaka, June 14–18,” June 3, 1999.
AFP, “DR Congo Rebels Name Conditions for Peace,” June 19, 1999.
AFP, “South African Officials Attend DR Congo Talks in Lusaka,” June 22, 1999.
AFP, “Outcome of Lusaka Summit Will Depend on Hutu Guerilla, According to Rwanda,” June 23, 1999.
AFP, “DRC: Rebels and Their Allies Divided Prior to Summit,” June 23, 1999.
IRIN-SA, “Zimbabwe: Pessimism over DRC Peace,” June 24, 1999.
AFP, “UN Security Council Calls for a Ceasefire in DR Congo,” June 24, 1999.
PANA, “DRC: Ceasefire Summit Postponed,” June 26, 1999.
AFP, “DR Congo Peace Talks Make Progress,” June 28, 1999.
AFP, “Fresh Efforts to End DR Congo War,” June 29, 1999.
IRIN-SA, “SADC: Region Provides Example of Military Integration,” June 30, 1999.
AFP, “New Threat Emerges to DR Congo Peace Talks,” July 1, 1999.
AFP, “Allies of DR Congo Government and Rebels Negotiate in Lusaka,” July 3, 1999.
PANA, “Informal Talks to End DRC War Continue,” July 5, 1999.
AFP, “OAU Summit: African Leaders to Focus on War, Peace, Economics,” July 9, 1999.
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© 2011 François Ngolet
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Ngolet, F. (2011). A Flurry of Diplomacy. In: Crisis in the Congo. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230116252_4
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