Skip to main content
Log in

A non-toxic antifouling compound for marine paints

Ein nichtoxisches Antifoulingmittel für Schiffsfarben

Un composé antifouling non-toxique pour peintures marines

  • Feature: Anti Fouling Coatings
  • Published:
Surface Coatings International

Summaries

Laboratory tests with the common barnadeBalanus amphitrite showed narcotic effect on nauplii, cyprids and odults of a solution of sodium benzoate in artificial sea water. This effect was faster as the concentration of sodium benzoate was increased. Field trials confirmed it was successfull in preventing barnade deposition on soluble matrix paints formulated with sodium benzoate as the antifouling agent. These results indicate the potential bio-activity of sodium benzoate on fouling organisms.

Zusammenfassung

Laborversuche mit dem gewöhnlichen Raubenfüsskrebs,Balamus amphitrite, zeigteten die narkotische Wirkung einer Lösung von Natriumbenzoat in kunstlichen Seewasser auf Nouplien, Kypride und Ausgewachsene. Diese Wirkung wurde schneller als die Konzentration Natriumbenzoats vermehrt war. Feldversuche bestättigteten, daß es erfolgreich bei Verhinder ung der Roubehfüsskrebsablagerung auf Farben formuliert mit einer löslichen Matrix auf Natriumbenzoat als Antifoulingmittel wurde. Diese Resultaten zeigen die potentieilen Bioaktivität des Natriumbenzoats auf die Organismen die Bewuchs verursachen.

Résumé

Les essais au laboratoire sur la bernache ordinaire,Balatus amphitrite, mettent en évidence l’effet narcotique d’une solution du benzoate de sodium en eau de mer artificielle sur nouplii, cyprides et adultes. Cet effet se produisait plus rapidement au fur et a mesure que la concentration de benzoate de sodium se augmentait. Des essais pratiques ont confirmé que ce compose était efficace en empêchant le dépõt des bernaches sur les peintures formulées avec benzoate a sodium en tant qu’agent antifouling au sein du soluble. Ces résultats démontrait la bioactivité potentielle de benzoate de sodium contre des organismes capables d’engendrer les salissures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Christie A, Evans L and Shaw M, Studies on the ship-fouling algaEnteromorpha. II. The effect of certain enzymes on the adhesion of zoospores.Ann. Bot.,34, 467–482, 1970.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Rittschof D, Schmidt AR, Hooper IR, Gerhart DJ, Gunster D and Bonaventura J, Molecular mediation of settlement of selected invertebrate larvae. In:Bioactive compounds from marine organisms with emphasis on the Indian Ocean, Thompson MF, Sarojini R and Nagabhushanam R (eds.), Indo-United States Symp. A A Balkema, Rotterdam, 317–330, 1991.

  3. Sharon N and Lis H, Lectins: cell-agglutinating and sugar-specific proteins.Science,117, (4053), 949–959, 1972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Kirchman D, Graham S, Reisch D and Mitchell R, Lectins may mediate on the settlement and metamorphosis ofJanua (Dexiospira) brasiliensis Grube (Polychaeta: Spirorbidae).Mar. Biol. Letters,3, 131–142, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Maki J and Mitchell R, Invovement of lectins in the settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae.Bull. Mar. Sci.,37, (2), 675–683, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Eighmy TT, Arwa J, De Rome L, Brown MG, Cimini RA, Sundberg DC and Weissman GR, Controlled release antifouling coatings. II. The effects of controlled release of 2,4-dinitrophenolate and benzoate on marine biofilm development and metabolic activity.Biofouling,6, 147–163, 1992.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Weissman GR, Sundberg DC, Cimini RA, Brown MG, Beno B and Eighmy TT, Controlled release antifouling coatings. I. Approaches for controlled release of 2,4-dinitrophenolate and benzoate into water.Biofouling,6, 123–146, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Sieburth J and Conover JT,Sargassum tannin, an antibiotic which retards fouling.Nature,208, (5005), 52–53, 1965.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hussein Ayoub SM, TAN: a new molluscicide and algicide from the fruits ofAcacia nilotica.J. Chem. Tech. Biotech.,32, (7), 728–734, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Standing JD, Hooper IR and Costlow JD, Inhibition and induction of barnacle settlement by natural products present in octocorales.J. Chem. Ecol.,10, 823–834, 1984.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Rittschof D, Hooper IR, Branscomb E and Costlow J, Inhibition of barnacle settlement and behavior by natural products from whip corals,Leptogorgia virgulata (Lamarck, 1815).J. Chem. Ecology,11, (5), 551–563. 1985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Keifer PA, Reinhart KL and Hooper IR, Renillafoulings, antifouling diterpenes from the Sea PansyRenilla reniformis (Octocorallia).J. Org. Chem.,51 (23), 4450–4454, 1986.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Rittschof D, Hooper IR and Costlow JD, Barnacle settlement inhibitor from sea pansiesRenilla reniformis.Bull. Mar. Science,39, (2), 376–382, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Goto R, Kado R, Muramoto K and Kamiya H, Fatty acids as antifoulants in a marine sponge.Biofouling,6, 61–68, 1992.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Willemsen PR, The screening of sponge extracts for antifouling activity using a bioassay with laboratory reared cyprid larvae of the barnacleBalanus amphitrite. Submitted:Int. Mar. Biodet., 26 pp., 1993.

  16. Willemsen PR and Ferrari GM, The use of anti-fouling compounds from sponges in antifouling paints.Surface Coatings Intern.,10, 423–427, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Sawant SS, Sonak S and Garg A, Growth inhibition of fouling bacteria and diatoms by extract of terrestrial plant,Derris scandens (Dicotyledonae: Leguminoceae).Indian J. Mar. Sci.,24, 229–230, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Fusetani N, Hiroto H, Okimo T, Tomomo Y and Yoshimura E, Antifouling activity of isocyanoterpenoids and related compounds isolated from a marine sponge and nudibranchs.J. Natural Toxins,5, (2), 249–259, 1996.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Tsukamoto S, Kato H, Hirota H and Fusetani N, Antifouling terpenes and steroids against barnacle larvae from marine sponges.Biofouling. 11, (4), 283–291. 1997.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lindner E, Dooley C and Doeff M, Adhesion of barnacles and development of non-toxic antifoulants.Proc. 7° Congr. Intern. Corr. Incrust., Biol. Mar., España, 1–16, 1988.

  21. Adkins JD, Mera AE, Roe-Short MA, Pawlikowski GT and Brady RF (Jr.), Novel non-toxic coatings designed to resist marine fouling.Prog. Org. Coat.,29, (1–4), 1–5, 1996.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Burkus F, II Rubinsztajn S, Burnell, Cella J, Stein J and Espinoza R, New silicone, nontoxic foul-release coating system.Pitture e Vernice,15, 54–67, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Clare A, Rittschof D, Gerhart D and Maki J, Molecular approaches to nontoxic antifouling.Invert. Repr. Dev.,22, 67–76, 1992.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ellis D, New dangerous chemicals in the environment; lessons from TBT.Mar. Poll. Bull.,22, 8–10, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Corner ED and Sparrow BW, The modes of action of toxic agents. II. Factors influencing the toxicities of mercury compounds to certain crustacea.J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K.,36, (3), 459–472, 1957.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wisely B and Blick RA, Mortality of marine invertebrate larvae in mercury, copper and zinc solutions.Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res.,18, 63–72, 1967.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Michael AS, Thompson CG and Abramovitz M,Artemia salina as a test organism for bioassay.Science, 123, 1956.

  28. Lueck E, Benzoic acid. In:Antimicrobial food additives. Characteristics. Uses. Effects. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Heidelberg, New York, 210–217, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Mitchell R, Chet I and Asketh P, Negative chemotaxis: a new approach to marine fouling control.NTIS, Technical Report,1, 1–27, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Chet I, Asketh P and Mitchell R, Repulsion of bacteria from marine surfaces.Applied Microbiology,30, (6), 1043–1045, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Chet I and Mitchell R, Control of marine fouling by chemical repellents. Proc.3rd Int. Biodeteroration Symp., Appl. Sci., London, 515–521, 1976.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Vetere, V., Pérez, M., García, M. et al. A non-toxic antifouling compound for marine paints. Surface Coatings International 82, 586–589 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02692671

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02692671

Keywords

Navigation