Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Farmers as Researchers: Government Regulation of Farmers’ Local Knowledge in Indonesia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Local Knowledge, Intellectual Property and Agricultural Innovation

Abstract

This chapter examines the international and national legal frameworks that have fostered the current situation with regards to seeds and local agricultural knowledge in Indonesia. Case studies show how such frameworks are impacting on the practices of farmers and how farmers are dealing with this impact and are developing self-help-mechanisms. It will be argued that standardised regulatory approaches ignore the considerable contribution and innovative nature of local farming practices, which still contribute about 70% of the food produced in the world. The penultimate section of the chapter discusses the changes that can be expected from the new Draft Law on the Sustainable Agricultural Cultivation System. The chapter concludes by pointing to the important influence of two key aspects of the political reformation process in Indonesian society after the end of the military backed Suharto government: decentralization policies which have been beneficial for local councils and NGOs working on rural issues and the creation of a Constitutional Court, which has issued progressive decisions in cases concerning indigenous peoples and farmers. However, while proposed law reform follows the lead of the judiciary, it also reclaims some of the discretionary powers for the bureaucracy and creates new burdens for farmers.

This work was supported by the Australian Research Council under the Discovery Projects funding scheme (Project Number DP170100747).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Lewis, 1954, 119; as quoted in Nafziger, 2006, 221.

  2. 2.

    See the sources in Nafziger, 2006, 288–290.

  3. 3.

    Nafziger, 2006, 287–288, with further sources.

  4. 4.

    See the Protection of Plant Variety and Farmers Right Act, 2001 (PPVFR Act).

  5. 5.

    See the Law on the Protection of Plant Varieties of Indonesia, in particular section 7 on local varieties.

  6. 6.

    See also the contributions in Ellen (2007).

  7. 7.

    Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1992 Tentang Sistem Budidaya Tanaman.

  8. 8.

    Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 1961 Tentang Pengeluaran dan Pemasukan Tanaman dan Bibit Tanaman.

  9. 9.

    Article 65 UU No 12/1992.

  10. 10.

    Article 5 UU No 12/1992.

  11. 11.

    Articles 61(1) d., 48(1) of the Plant Cultivation System Law of 1992.

  12. 12.

    Articles 60(1) a, 9(3).

  13. 13.

    Article 60(1) b., 12(2).

  14. 14.

    Article 56 Criminal Code; Utomo (2013), 61–62.

  15. 15.

    The other NGOs acting on behalf of the farmers were the Farmer Initiative for Ecological Livelihoods and Democracy (FIELD), the Alliance of Indonesian Farmers (Aliansi Petani Indonesia), the Sadajiwa Village Cultivation Foundation (Yayasan Bina Desa Sadajiwa), the People’s Coalition for Food Sovereignty (Koalisi Rakyat untuk Kedaulatan Pangan), the Indonesian Farmers’ Society for Integrated Pest Control (Ikatan Petani Pengendalian Hama Terpadu Indonesia), the Alliance of Oil Palm Farmers (Ikatan Petani Kelapa Sawit), the Coconut Watch Association (Perkumpulan Sawit Watch), the Union of Indonesian Farmers (Serikat Petani Indonesia) and the Alliance for the Agrarian Reform Movement (Aliansi Gerakan Reforma Agraria). Individual farmers involved came from the Kediri and Indramayu districts in East and West Java respectively.

  16. 16.

    Reference was made to Articles 28A, 28C, 28D(1), 28I(2) and (3) and 28G(1), see Mahkamah Konstitusi (2013a), 27–37.

  17. 17.

    Article 5(1) (a), (b), (c).

  18. 18.

    Articles 1 No. 3 and 10(1) of the Law on the Constitutional Court (Law No. 24 of 2003 as revised by Law No. 8 of 2011); see also Butt & Lindsey, 2009, 274–275.

  19. 19.

    Article 21 Government Regulation No.44/1995.

  20. 20.

    Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 67/Permentan/OT.140/12/2006.

  21. 21.

    Article 13(3) (d).

  22. 22.

    For the ASEAN Countries, see Kanniah and Antons (2012).

  23. 23.

    The obligation in the EFTA Agreement is modified by a footnote stating that the relevant provision shall be without prejudice to the rights of Indonesia to protect its local plant varieties (Antons, 2019, 249).

  24. 24.

    Article 7 of Law No. 29/2000.

  25. 25.

    Article 2.

  26. 26.

    Article 10.

  27. 27.

    See Article 13 of Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 40/2017.

  28. 28.

    Balai Litbang Pertanian. “Regulasi: Peraturan Mentan No. 61/Permentan/OT.140/10/2011 Tahun 2011” http://www.litbang.pertanian.go.id/regulasi/one/19/ (last accessed December 21, 2018).

  29. 29.

    Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia Nomor 56/Permentan/PK.110/11/2015 Tentang Produksi, Sertifikasi, dan Peredaran Benih Bina Tanaman Pangan dan Tanman Hijauan Pakan Ternak.

  30. 30.

    See also the Bisa Dèwèk documentary film (2007).

  31. 31.

    Article 9 (3) on the activities of seeking and collecting genes, and Article 12 (1) on the release of varieties.

  32. 32.

    In line with the tasks and functions of ICRR in research and dissemination, they offer three kinds of collaboration: research and development, dissemination, commercialization, and public services. For further detailed information of ICRR’s public services, see ‘Layanan’, at Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi. http://bbpadi.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php (last accessed December 21, 2018).

  33. 33.

    Winarto and Ardhianto (2011a); Ardhianto (2011); Ansori (2011). Arifin was one of several Indramayu plant-breeders who were prominently featured in the film. He was portrayed as a young skilful plant-breeder who had his own group of plant-breeders in his village. In comparison to other plant-breeders, he and Dar persistently continued breeding activities up to recent times (in 2018).

  34. 34.

    On the related concept of ‘food sovereignty’ see McKeon, 2015, 77–81).

  35. 35.

    Indonesia’s climate is determined by many regular oceanic and air flows with all kinds of variations that determine the start, length, end and distribution of rainfall in the rainy season. Climate change is due to changes occurring in the regular flows in the ocean and the air on which changing variations also have their influence. However, once in a while the temperatures of the Pacific Ocean suddenly change very irregularly to a much warmer or colder (near) surface temperature situation, causing large changes in atmospheric airflows that cause huge climate effects. Indonesia becomes much drier in an El Niño situation and much wetter in a La Niña situation. After some time (shorter or longer) the situation will return to normal (Stigter, personal note, 2014).

  36. 36.

    Available at http://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/123688/uu-no-22-tahun-2019 (last accessed 29 January 2020).

  37. 37.

    When introducing the law, the Ministry of Agriculture pointed out that it implemented the Constitutional Court decision, but regulated also subject matter that was not yet regulated in the previous law, such as fertilizer, pesticides and agricultural tools and machinery (Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia, 2019).

  38. 38.

    Explanatory note to Article 2.a.

  39. 39.

    Explanatory note to Article 2 c.

  40. 40.

    Explanatory note to Article 2 f.

  41. 41.

    Explanatory note to Article 2 i.

  42. 42.

    Explanatory note to Article 2j.

  43. 43.

    See Article 10(2) Law No. 22/2019.

  44. 44.

    Cf. Article 5 of the new law with Article 5 of the 1992 law, which even allowed the government to “regulate the production of certain plant cultivation in accordance with the national interest” (Article 5(1) c. Law No. 12/1992).

  45. 45.

    Articles 27(3) and Article 29(2).

  46. 46.

    See the explanatory note to Article 27(3) of the draft law, http://www.dpr.go.id/doksileg/proses2/RJ2-20171109-024008-6387.pdf (last accessed 4 February 2020). Ministry of Agriculture Regulation No. 40/Permentan/TP.010/2017 Regarding the Release of Plant Varieties also defines small farmers as operating on at the most 2 hectares and at the most 25 hectares in the case of a plantation (Article 36(2)).

  47. 47.

    See the explanatory note to Article 27(2): “What is meant by “small farmers” are farmers, who work every day in the agricultural sector with yields that are only sufficient to meet the needs of daily life.”

  48. 48.

    See also Annex 1 in Heidhues and Brüntrup (2003: 18–21) for further details.

  49. 49.

    Adat is often loosely translated as ‘customary law’ (Utrecht & Djindang, 1983, 99), but its meaning is much wider (von Benda-Beckmann, 1979, 113–114). After constitutional reform brought the recognition of adat communities (masyarakat adat), it has become an important argument for forest-dwelling communities to claim recognition of their land rights (Lowenhaupt Tsing, 2009).

  50. 50.

    See Constitutional Court case 35/PUU-X/2012 and the analysis in Rachman and Siscawati (2017).

  51. 51.

    See, Chapter VI on Regional Government and Chapter VIIA on the Regional Parliament.

  52. 52.

    See Chapter XA on Human Rights.

  53. 53.

    See Article 24(C)of the revised Indonesian Constitution of 1945.

  54. 54.

    See Constitutional Court decision No. 35/PUU-X/2012 of 26 March 2013 (Mahkamah Konstitusi, 2013b) and the analysis in Rachman and Siscawati (2017).

  55. 55.

    For comparative observations regarding the usefulness of local knowledge in other countries see Coelho (2007) and the contributions in Ellen (2007).

References

  • Agrawal, A. (1995). Dismantling the divide between indigenous and scientific knowledge. Development and Change, 26, 413–439.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ansori, S. (2011). Konservasi Benih oleh Petani Pemulia: Menuju Pembentukan Institusi? In Y. T. Winarto (Ed.), Bisa Dèwèk: Kisah Perjuangan Petani Pemulia Tanaman (pp. 227–306). Depok, Indonesia: Gramata Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antaranews. (2019). DPR Aceh sesalkan kriminalisasi kepala desa terkait bibit padi. Antaranews.com, 24 July 2019, http://www.antaranews.com/berita/974504/dpr-aceh-sesalkan-kriminalisasi-kepala-desa-terkait-bibit-padi. Accessed 4 Feb 2020).

  • Antons, C. (2007). Sui Generis protection for plant varieties and traditional knowledge: The example of India. European Intellectual Property Review, 29(12), 480–485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antons, C. (2009). Indonesia. In P. Goldstein & J. Straus (Eds.), Intellectual property in Asia: Law, economics, history and politics (pp. 87–128). Berlin, Germany/Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antons, C. (2010). Sui Generis protection for plant varieties and traditional knowledge in biodiversity and agriculture: The international framework and national approaches in the Philippines and India. Indian Journal of Law and Technology, 6, 89–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antons, C. (2015). Epistemic communities and the “people without history”: The contribution of intellectual property law to the “safeguarding” of intangible cultural heritage. In I. Calboli & S. Ragavan (Eds.), Diversity in intellectual property: Identities, interests, and intersections (pp. 453–471). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antons, C. (2016). Article 27(3)(b) TRIPS and plant variety protection in developing countries. In H. Ullrich, R. M. Hilty, M. Lamping, & J. Drexl (Eds.), TRIPS plus 20: From trade rules to market principles (pp. 389–414). Heidelberg, Germany/New York/Dordrecht, the Netherlands/London: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antons, C. (2017). Legal and cultural landscapes: Cultural and intellectual property concepts, and the ‘safeguarding’ of intangible cultural heritage in Southeast Asia. In C. Antons (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of Asian law (pp. 250–268). London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antons, C. (2019). Intellectual property in plant material and free trade agreements in Asia. In K.-C. Liu & J. Chaisse (Eds.), The future of Asian trade deals and IP (pp. 229–256). Oxford, UK: Hart Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ardhianto, I. (2011). Benih Milik Saya, Kami, atau Mereka? Tumbuh Kembang oleh Petani Pemulia: Menuju Pembentukan Institusi? In Y. T. Winarto (Ed.), Bisa Dèwèk: Kisah Perjuangan Petani Pemulia Tanaman di Indramayu (pp. 307–325). Depok, Indonesia: Gramata Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brush, S. (1993). Indigenous knowledge of biological resources and intellectual property rights: The role of anthropologists. American Anthropologist, 95(3), 653–686.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brush, S. (1996). Whose knowledge, whose genes, whose rights? In S. B. Brush & D. Stabinsky (Eds.), Valuing local knowledge: Indigenous people and intellectual property rights (pp. 1–24). Washington, DC: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butt, S., & Lindsey, T. (2009). The people’s prosperity? Indonesian constitutional interpretation, economic reform and globalization. In J. Gillespie & R. Peerenboom (Eds.), Regulation in Asia: Pushing back on globalization (pp. 270–295). London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cleveland, D. A., Soleri, D., & Smith, S. E. (2000). A biological framework for understanding farmers’ plant breeding. Economic Botany, 54, 377–394.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coelho, J. P. B. (2007). The state, the community, and natural calamities in rural Mozambique. In de Sousa Santos, Boaventura (Ed.), Another knowledge is possible: Beyond northern epistemologies (pp. 219–245). London/New York: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cypher, J. M., & Dietz, J. L. (1997). The process of economic development. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Sousa Santos, B., Nunes, J. A., & Meneses, M. P. (2007). Opening up the canon of knowledge and recognition of difference. In de Sousa Santos, B. (Ed.), Another knowledge is possible: Beyond northern epistemologies, xix–lxii. London/New York: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dove, M. R. (2000). The life-cycle of indigenous knowledge, and the case of natural rubber production. In R. Ellen, P. Parkes, & A. Bicker (Eds.), Indigenous environmental knowledge and its transformations: Critical anthropological perspectives (pp. 213–251). London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellen, R. (Ed.). (2007). Modern crisis and traditional strategies: Local ecological knowledge in island Southeast Asia. New York/Oxford, UK: Berghahn Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J. J. (1991). Managing the ecology of rice production in Indonesia. In J. Hardjono (Ed.), Indonesia: Resources, ecology, and environment (pp. 61–84). Singapore, Singapore: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J. J. (2014, March). Fast breeding insect is devastating Java’s rice – Thanks to pesticides. Jakarta Globe, 7, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frossard, D. (2005). In field or freezer? Some thoughts on genetic diversity maintenance in rice. In M. R. Dove, P. E. Sajise, & A. A. Doolittle (Eds.), Conserving nature in culture: Case studies from Southeast Asia (pp. 144–166). New Haven, CT: Yale Southeast Asian Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • GRAIN & Sharma, D. (2005). India’s new seed bill. Seedling, July 2005, 22–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harian Aceh. (2019). Moeldoko Respon HKTI Yang Siap Bantu Kades Ditahan di Aceh. 27 July 2019. http://www.harianaceh.co.id/2019/07/27/moeldoko-respon-hkti-yang-siap-bantu-kades-ditahan-di-aceh. Accessed 4 Feb 2020.

  • Heidhues, F., & Brüntrup, M. (2003). Subsistence agriculture in development: Its role in processes of structural change. In S. Abele & K. Frohberg (Eds.), Subsistence agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe: How to break the vicious circle? (pp. 1–27). Halle, Germany: Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Indonesian Human Rights Committee for Social Justice. (2013). Our seed, our sovereignty: Seed law victory in Indonesia. https://www.grain.org/en/article/4774-our-seed-our-sovereignty-seed-law-victory-in-indonesia. Accessed 5 Feb 2020.

  • Janis, M. D., Jervis, H. H., & Peet, R. (2014). Intellectual property laws of plants. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jhamtani, H., & Patria, D. (2006). Case documentation: Indonesian farmers prosecuted for breeding their own seeds. GRAIN., 24 October. https://www.grain.org/en/article/2208-indonesian-farmers-prosecuted-for-breeding-their-own-seeds. Accessed 5 Feb 2020.

  • Kanniah, R., & Antons, C. (2012). Plant variety protection and traditional agricultural knowledge in Southeast Asia. Australian Journal of Asian Law, 13(1), 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanniah, R., & Antons, C. (2017). The regulation of innovation in agriculture and sustainable development in India and Southeast Asia. In C. Antons (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of Asian law (pp. 287–309). London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia (2019). RUU Sistem Budidaya Pertanian Berkelanjutan, Berpihak kepada Petani Kecil. 25 September 2019. https://www.pertanian.go.id/home/?show=news&act=view&id=3987. Accessed 4 Feb 2020.

  • Kompas. (2019). Ini Alasan Polisi Tahan Inovator Benih IF8. Kompas.com, 29 July 2019. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2019/07/29/09444071/ini-alasan-polisi-tahan-inovator-benih-if8. Accessed 4 Feb 2020.

  • Lewis, W. A. (1954). Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour. Manchester School, 22(May), 139–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowenhaupt Tsing, A. (2009). Adat/indigenous: Indigeneity in motion. In C. Gluck & A. L. Tsing (Eds.), Words in motion: Towards a global lexicon. Durham, UK/London: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyon, F. (1996). How farmers research and learn: The case of arable farmers of East Anglia, UK. Agriculture and Human Values, 13(4), 39–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKeon, N. (2015). Food security governance: Empowering communities, regulating corporations. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nafziger, E. W. (2006). Economic development. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putra, A. (2019). Mengapa Tgk Munirwan Ditahan, Kadis: Semata-mata untuk Melindungi Masyarakat. Beritakini, 25 July 2019. https://beritakini.co/news/mengapa-distanbun-aceh-polisikan-tgk-munirwan-kadis-semata-mata-untuk-melindungi-masyarakat/index.html. Accessed 5 Feb 2020.

  • Rachman, N. F., & Siscawati, M. (2017). Forestry law, masyarakat adat and struggles for inclusive citizenship in Indonesia. In C. Antons (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of Asian law (pp. 224–249). Oxford, UK/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapsomanikis, G. (2015). The economic lives of smallholder farmers: An analysis based on household data from nine countries. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Republika. (2019). HKTI Siap Bantu Kades yang Ditahan Akibat Kasus Benih. Republika.co.id, 28 July 2019. https://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/pvbjmq349/hkti-siap-bantu-kades-yang-ditahan-akibat-kasus-benih. Accessed 4 Feb 2020.

  • Santosa, D. A. (2013). Kemenangan Kaum Tani. Kompas, August 6, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silitoe, P. (2006). Ethnobiology and applied anthropology: Rapprochement of the academic with the practical. In R. Ellen (Ed.), Ethnobiology and the science of humankind (pp. 147–175). Malden, MA/Oxford/Carlton, VIC/London: Blackwell Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmonds, N. W. (1979). Principles of crop improvement. London: Longman Group Ltd..

    Google Scholar 

  • Stigter, C. (K.). J. (2016a). Climate prediction for farmers: Should we laugh or should we cry? In Y. T. Winarto (Ed.), Krisis Pangan dan ‘Sesat Pikir’: Mengapa Masih Berlanjut? (pp. 21–32). Jakarta, Indonesia: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stigter, C. (K.). J. (2016b). Climate crises in the livelihood of Indonesian rice farmers. In Y. T. Winarto (Ed.), Krisis Pangan dan ‘Sesat Pikir’: Mengapa Masih Berlanjut? (pp. 33–40). Jakarta, Indonesia: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suryowati, E. (2017). Putusan MK Membuat Eksistensi Penghayat Kepercayaan Diakui Negara. Kompas, November 7, 2017. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2017/11/07/18573861/putusan-mk-membuat-eksistensi-penghayat-kepercayaan-diakui-negara. Accessed 12 Nov 2018.

  • Tempo. (2005). Penjara Bagi Petani Kreatif. August 28, 2005. https://nasional.tempo.co/read/65842/penjara-bagi-petani-kreatif. Accessed 27 Feb 2018.

  • UNCTAD-ICTSD. (2005). Resource book on TRIPS and development. Cambridge, UK/New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Utomo, F. (2013). Bersemi Dalam Tekanan Global: Kriminalisasi Petani, Inisiatif Benih Lokal, & Uji Materi UU No. 12/1992 tentang Sistem Budidaya Tanaman. Jakarta, Indonesia: Yayasan FIELD Indonesia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Utrecht, E., & Djindang, M. S. (1983). Pengantar dalam Hukum Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia: Penerbit Sinar Harapan.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Benda-Beckmann, F. (1979). Property in social continuity: Continuity and change in the maintenance of property relationships through time in Minangkabau, West Sumatra. The Hague, the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winarto, Y. T. (2004). Seeds of knowledge: The beginning of integrated pest management in Java. New Haven, CT: Yale Southeast Asia Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winarto, Y. T. (Ed.). (2011). Bisa Dèwèk: Kisah Perjuangan Petani Pemulia Tanaman di Indramayu. Depok, Indonesia: Gramata Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winarto, Y. T. (2011a). Kembalinya Benih dan Pengetahuan Lokal dalam Budi Daya Padi. In Y. T. Winarto (Ed.), Bisa Dèwèk.: Kisah Perjuangan Petani Pemulia Tanaman di Indramayu (pp. 201–229). Depok, Indonesia: Gramata Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winarto, Y. T. (2011b). Bisa Dèwèk: Menuju Etnografi Komplisitas Suatu Dinamika. In Y. T. Winarto (Ed.), Bisa Dèwèk: Kisah Perjuangan Petani Pemulia Tanaman di Indramayu (pp. 1–22). Depok, Indonesia: Gramata Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winarto, Y. T., & Ardhianto, I. (2011a). Tumbuh Kembang Benih-benih Pemuliaan Tanaman Padi di Ladang Petani. In Y. T. Winarto (Ed.), Bisa Dèwèk: Kisah Perjuangan Petani Pemulia Tanaman di Indramayu (pp. 153–200). Depok, Indonesia: Gramata Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winarto, Y. T., & Ardhianto, I. (2011b). Mencatat Jejak Pengetahuan dalam Praktik dan Produk Pemuliaan Tanaman. In Y. T. Winarto (Ed.), Bisa Dèwèk: Kisah Perjuangan Petani Pemulia Tanaman di Indramayu (pp. 230–276). Depok, Indonesia: Gramata Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winarto, Y. T., & Stigter, K. (2016). Incremental learning and gradual changes: ‘Science field shops’ as an educational approach to coping better with climate change in agriculture. In L. Wilson & C. Stevenson (Eds.), Promoting climate change awareness through environmental education (pp. 60–95). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winarto, Y. T., Stigter, C. J., & Wicaksono, M. T. (2017). Transdisciplinary responses to climate change: Institutionalizing agrometeorological learning through science field shops in Indonesia. Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 10(1), 65–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winarto, Y. T., Walker, S., Ariefiansyah, R., Prihandiani, A. F., Taqiuddin, M., & Nugroho, Z.C. (2018, January). Institutionalizing science field shops: Developing response farming to climate change. Case Study. http://www.fao.org/3/I8454EN/i8454en.pdf. Accessed 10 May 2018.

Website

Film Production

  • Bisa Dèwèk (We Can Do It Ourselves). (2007). Ethnographic film directed by Rhino Ariefiansyah, Haji Masroni and Warsiyah, produced by Indonesian Farmers Alliance for Integrated Pest Management of Indramayu Regency (IPPHTI) and Undergraduate Study Program, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Indonesia.

    Google Scholar 

Court Decisions

  • Mahkamah Konstitusi. (2013a). Decision No. 99/PUU-X/2012 of, (9 July 2013).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahkamah Konstitusi. (2013b). Decision No. 35/PUU-X/2012 of, (26 March 2013).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Business and Law, Newcastle Law School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia

    Christoph Antons

  2. Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

    Yunita T. Winarto, Adlinanur F. Prihandiani & Sinta Uli

Authors
  1. Christoph Antons
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yunita T. Winarto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Adlinanur F. Prihandiani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sinta Uli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christoph Antons .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Law, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia

    Michael Blakeney

  2. Hackett Professor of Agriculture Chair and Director of The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia

    Kadambot H. M. Siddique

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Antons, C., Winarto, Y.T., Prihandiani, A.F., Uli, S. (2020). Farmers as Researchers: Government Regulation of Farmers’ Local Knowledge in Indonesia. In: Blakeney, M., Siddique, K. (eds) Local Knowledge, Intellectual Property and Agricultural Innovation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4611-2_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation