Abstract
The formalist-expressionist debate has been successful in pointing out to us that we are not clear as to what, if anything, “express” means. The term seems to be as unclear now as it has ever been. Some have said that no one knows what the expressiveness of music means (Kivy 1989). And others have given up looking for a definition at all.2 It is predictable that without at least a sound theory of meaning and emotion, sentences involving these terms may as well be strung along in any way at all.
Music: A note of sadness.
The terms ‘emotion’ and feeling’…have no clear and distinct meaning.
Sparshott 1994: 24
Music is irrational and cannot affect the soul or the emotions, and is no more an expressive art than cookery.
Philodemus1
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Notes
Philodemus in Bosanquet 1922: 100–101.
Meidner 1985: 349.
Grout 1980: 506–507.
J. Mattheson, Der vollkommene Cappellmeister in Buelow 1980: 802.
Meidner 1985: 349.
Shibles 1974a, 1978abc, 1987, 1991, 1992a, 1994a, 1995d, 1995f.
cf. Khatchadourian 1965.
Scruton 1987: 169, 170.
cf. Dewey 1958: 269.
cf. Shibles 1970, 1972: 82– l 02, 1995a.
cf. Shibles 1989c.
In Townsend 1988: 132ff.; cf. Hartley 1966.
Bosanquet 1894: 153–166.
cf. Beck 1967, Calhoun & Solomon 1984, Ellis 1994, Ellis & Grieger 1977, Gordon 1987, W. Lyons 1980, Maultsby & Klärner 1984, Neu 1977, Rorty 1980, Shibles 1974a, 1978abc, 1987, 1988, 1989a, 1990abc, 1991, 1992ab, 1994ae, 1995adf, Solomon 1983, 1988.
cf. Rist 1969: 35–36.
cf. Collingwood, Croce, Dewey, Lipps’ empathy theory, etc.
cf. Davies 1986: 160, Dewey 1958: 104.
Noted by Hansen 1974: 346 in Ferguson’s Music as Metaphor.
cf. Shibles 1995d.
cf. Dewey 1894, I: 556.
cf. Ward & Throop 1989: 465.
cf. Shibles 1974c: 63–83.
Contrast Mew 1985a: 34.
Shibles 1974a: 129–132.
Collingwood 1938: 121.
Cassirer 1945, 1953–1957; cf. A recent critique of Langer’s theory is q g y given by Davies 1994: 123–134.
cf. Hanfling 1992: 64. See also the recent critique of the views of Goodman by Davies 1994: 137–150.
cf. Kövecses 1990, Lakoff & Johnson 1980; Shibles 1971ab, 1974a: 231–261.
Bernstein 1976: 103ff. cf. Buelow 1980, “Rhetoric and Music.”
See Shibles, “The Metaphorical Method.” 1973ab, 1974b.
Kivy 1990: 159.
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© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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Shibles, W. (1995). An Analysis of Express in Aesthetics: A Reevaluation of the Literature. In: Emotion in Aesthetics. Philosophical Studies Series, vol 64. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8579-8_7
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