Zusammenfassung
In recent years there has been a considerable controversy over the relative merits of classification and.ordination in the study of vegetation.Classification implies the division of the individuals or units being classified into categories or classes, whose members show a greater or less degree of similarity a-mongst themselves, and differ from members of other categories. Ordination (whose development is associated particularly with the name of J.T. CURTIS and his school in Wisconsin) treats the vegetation being studied as a continuum, and seeks to arrange the stands so that their spatial relation to one or more axes will display as much information as possible about their relationships. This controversy has become associated with, and to a large extent heir to, an older controversy — that between those who (like CLEMENTS) held a pseudo-organismal concept of the plant community, and those who (like GLEASON) held that a plant community is a fortuitous aggregation of plants separately dependent on the factors of the environment.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
BRAY, J.R. & CURTIS, J.T. -1957- An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin.- Ecol.Monogr.27 325–349. Durham, N.C
CATTELL, R.B. -1952- Factor Analysis.- New York.
CRAWFORD, R.M.M. & WISHART, D. -1967- a rapid multivariate method for the detection and classification of groups of ecologically related species.- J.Ecol.55: 505–524. Oxford.
DE WIT, C.T. -1960- On competition.- Versl. Landbouwk. Onderzoek. 66 (8):1–82. ’s Gravenhage.
GOODALL, D.W. -1963- The continuum and the individualistic association.- Vegetatio 11:297–316. Den Haag.
GOWER, J.C. -1966- Some distance properties of latent root and vector methods used in multivariate analysis.- Biometri-ka 53: 325. London.
GREIG-SMITH, P. -1964- Quantitative Plant Ecology. Ed. 2. London.
HARMAN, H.H. -1960- Modern Factor Analysis.- Chicago.
HARPER, J.L. -1964- The nature and consequences of interference amongst plants.- Proc.XIth int.Conf.Genet.:465–481.
HARPER, J.L. -1967- A Darwinian approach to plant ecology.-J.Ecol.55:247–270. Oxford.
HORST, P. -1967- Factor Analysis of Data Matrices.- Chicago.
IVIMEY-COOK, R.B. & PROCTOR, M.C.F. -1966- The application of association analysis to phytosociology.- J.Ecol 54:179–192. Oxford.
IVIMEY-COOK, R.B. & Proctor, M.C.F. -1967- Factor analysis of data from an east Devon heath: a comparison of principal component and rotated solutions.- J.Ecol.55: 405–413. Oxford.
KENDALL, M.G. -1957- A Course in Multivariate Analysis.- London.
LAMBERT, J.M. & DALE, M.B. -1964- The use of statstics in phytosociology.- Adv.Ecol.Res.2:59–99.
LAMBERT, J.M. & WILLIAMS, W.T. -1962- Multivariate methods in plant ecology.IV.Nodal analysis.- J.Ecol.50: 775–802. Oxford.
McNAUGHTON-SMITH, P. -1965- Some statistical and other numerical techniques for classifying individuals.- Home Office Res. Rep.No.6. H.M.S.O. London.
ORLOCI, L. -1966- Geometric models in ecology. I. The theory and application of some ordination methods.- J.Ecol.54: 193–215. Oxford.
ORLOCI, L. -1967- An agglomerative method for classification of plant communities.- J.Ecol.55: 193–206. Oxford.
PROCTOR, M.C.F. -1967- The distribution of British liverworts: a statistical analysis.- J.Ecol.55: 119–135. Oxford.
RAO, C.R. -1952- Advanced Statistical Methods in Biometrie Research.- New York and London.
SEAL, HILARY -1964- Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Biologists.- London.
SOKAL, R.R. & SNEATH, P.H.A. -1963- Principles of Numerical Taxonomy.- San Francisco and London.
WALTERS, S.M. -1961- The shaping of Angiosperm taxonomy.-New Phytol.60:74–84. Oxford.
WEBB, D.A. -1954- Is the classification of vegetation either possible or desirable?- Bot.Tidsskr.51: 362–370. København.
WEBB, L.J., TRACEY, J.C., WILLIAMS, W.T. & LANCE, G.N. -1967-Studies in the numerical analysis of complex rain forest communities. I. A comparison of methods applicable to site/ species data.- J.Ecol.55: 171–191. Oxford.
WHITTAKER, R.H. -1967- Gradient analysis of vegetation.- Biol. Rev.42: 207–264. Cambridge.
WILLIAMS, W.T. & DALE, M.B. -1964- Fundamental problems in numerical taxonomy.- Adv.Bot.Res.2: 35–68.
WILLIAMS, W.T., LAMBERT, J.M. & LANCE, G.N. -1966- Multivariate methods in plant ecology. V. Similarity analysis and information analysis.- J.Ecol.54: 427–445. Oxford.
YARRANTON, G.A. -1967- Organismal and individualistic concepts and the choice of methods of vegetational analysis.- Vegetatio 15: 113–116. The Hague.
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1974 Verlag von J. Cramer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Proctor, M.C.F. (1974). Ordination, Classification and Vegetational Boundaries. In: Sommer, W.H., Tüxen, R. (eds) Tatsachen und Probleme der Grenzen in der Vegetation. Bericht über das Internationale Symposion der Internationalen Vereinigung für Vegetationskunde in Rinteln 8.–11. April 1968, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7595-1_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7595-1_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-011-7596-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-7595-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive