Properties of Solar Active Regions

Bruzek, A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-010-3126-4_5

A. Bruzek¹

Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library ((ASSL,volume 29))

90 Accesses

Abstract

‘Solar activity’ is a rather general term for quite a number of different phenomena occurring in the photosphere, in the chromosphere and in the corona. These ‘active’ phenomena are: (1) structures such as spots, plages, filaments, flares and coronal condensations; (2) gradual and impulsive enhancements of radiation in the EUV, X-ray and radio region of the solar spectrum; (3) motions and ejections of solar plasma and the acceleration of fast electrons and protons. All these phenomena are closely interrelated and concentrated in limited regions on the Sun which usually are referred to as ‘active regions’.

Mitteilung aus dem Fraunhofer Institut No. 101.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Chapter: USD 29.95; Price excludes VAT (USA)

eBook: USD 84.99; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Softcover Book: USD 109.99; Price excludes VAT (USA)

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

Abdusamatov, H. I. and Krat, V. A.: 1969, Solar Phys. 9,420.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Acton, L. W. and Fisher, P. C: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,432.
ADS Google Scholar
Altschuler, M. D.: 1967, Solar Phys. 1,377.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Angle, K. L. and Livingston, W. C: 1969, BAAS 1,271.
ADS Google Scholar
Anzer, U. and Tandberg-Hanssen, E.: 1970, Solar Phys. 11,61.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Arnoldy, R. L., Kane, S. R. and Winckler, J. R.: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,484.
ADS Google Scholar
Banos, G. J. and Macris, C. J.: 1970, Solar Phys. 12,106.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Bappu, M. K. V., Grigorjev, V. M. and Stepanov, V. E.: 1968, Solar Phys. 4,409.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Becker, U.: 1955, Z. Astrophys. 37,47.
ADS Google Scholar
Beckers, J. M. and Schröter, E. H.: 1968a, Solar Phys. 4,142.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Beckers, J. M. and Schröter, E. H.: 1968b, Solar Phys. 4,303.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Beckers, J. M. and Schröter, E. H.: 1969, Solar Phys. 10,384.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Beckers, J. M. and Tallant, P. E.: 1969, Solar Phys. 7,351.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Bohlin, J. D. and Simon, M.: 1969, Solar Phys. 9,183.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Bruzek, A.: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,293.
Google Scholar
Bruzek, A.: 1969a, Solar Phys. 8,29.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Bruzek, A.: 1969b, Plasma Instabilities in Astrophysics, New York, p. 71.
Google Scholar
Bruzek, A. and DeMastus, H. L.: 1970, Solar Phys. 12,447.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Bumba, V.: 1967a, in P. A. Sturrock (ed.), Plasma Astrophysics, Academic Press, New York, p. 77.
Google Scholar
Bumba, V.: 1967b, Solar Phys. 1,371.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Bumba, V.: 1972, this volume, p. 21.
Google Scholar
Bumba, V. and Godoli, G.: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,338.
ADS Google Scholar
Bumba, V. and Howard, R.: 1965, Astrophys. J. 141, 1492, 1502.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Bumba, V. et aL: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,56.
ADS Google Scholar
Chitre, S. M. and Shaviv, G.: 1967, Solar Phys. 2,150.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Cline, T. L., Holt, S. S., and Hones, E. W., Jr.: 1969, Ann. IQSY 3,193.
ADS Google Scholar
Deinzer, W.: 1965, Astrophys. J. 141,548.
Article ADS MATH Google Scholar
De Jager, C: 1964, Bull. Astron. Inst. Neth. 17,253.
Google Scholar
De Jager, C: 1966, in G. Righini (ed.), ‘Proceedings of the Meeting on Sunspots’, G. Barbèra, Firenze, p. 242.
Google Scholar
De Jager, C: 1969, in C. de Jager and Z. Svestka (eds.), ’solar Flares and Space Research’, Cospar Symposium, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, p. 1.
Google Scholar
Dodson, H. W. and Hedeman, R. E.: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,56.
ADS Google Scholar
Dollfus, A.: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,359.
Google Scholar
Fritz, G. et al: 1967, Astrophys. J. 148, L133.
Google Scholar
Grigorjev, V. M.: 1969, Solar Phys. 6,67.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Haurwitz, M.: 1968, Astrophys. J. 151,351.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Holt, S. S. and Ramaty, R.: 1969, Solar Phys. 8,119.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Howard, R.: 1967, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 5,1.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Ioshpa, B. A.: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,261.
ADS Google Scholar
Kane, S. R. and Winckler, J. R.: 1969, Solar Phys. 6,304.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Kiepenheuer, K. O.: 1966a, DFG Forsch. Ber. 12,11.
Google Scholar
Kiepenheuer, K. O.: 1966b, in G. Righini (ed.), ‘Proceedings of the Meeting on Sunspots’, G. Barbèra, Firenze, p. 26.
Google Scholar
Kreplin, R. W. et al.: 1969, in C. de Jager and Z. Švestka (eds.), ’solar Flares and Space Research’, Xlth Cospar Symposium, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, p. 121.
Google Scholar
Kuperus, M.: 1965, Thesis, Utrecht.
Google Scholar
Kuperus, M.: 1969, Space Sci. Rev. 9,713.
ADS Google Scholar
Kuperus, M.: 1972, this volume, p. 9.
Google Scholar
Leblanc, Y.: 1969, Astron. Astrophys. 4,315.
ADS Google Scholar
Leblanc, Y., Leroy, J. L. and Poulain, P.: 1970, Astron. Astrophys. 5,391.
ADS Google Scholar
Leighton, R. B.: 1964, Astrophys. J. 140,1547.
Article ADS MATH Google Scholar
Leighton, R. B.: 1969, Astrophys. J. 156,1.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Leroy, J. L., Rösch, J. and Trellis, M.: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,346.
ADS Google Scholar
Lin, R. P.: 1969, BAAS 1,284.
ADS Google Scholar
Losh, H. M.: 1939, Publ. Observ. Michigan 1,127.
ADS Google Scholar
Loughhead, R. E.: 1968, Solar Phys. 5,489.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Marik, M.: 1967, Soviet. Astron. 11,264.
ADS Google Scholar
Martres, J. M.: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,25.
ADS Google Scholar
Martres, J. M.: 1970, Solar Phys. 11,258.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Martres, J. M. and Michard, R.: 1965, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 261,4336.
Google Scholar
Michard, R. and Ribes, E.: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,420.
ADS Google Scholar
Nakagawa, Y. and Malville, J. M.: 1969, Solar Phys. 9,102.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Neupert, W. M.: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,404.
ADS Google Scholar
Neupert, W. M., White, W. A., Gates, W. J., and Swartz, M.: 1969, Solar Phys. 6,183.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Newkirk, G., Jr.: 1967, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 5,213.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Newkirk, G., Jr., Altschuler, M. D., and Harvey, J.: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,379.
ADS Google Scholar
Newkirk, G., Jr., Hansen, R. T., and Hansen, S.: 1969, Ann. IQSY 3,49.
ADS Google Scholar
Nolan, B. A., Smith, S. F., and Ramsey, H. E.: 1970, Solar Filtergrams, Lockheed Solar Observ. Burbank.
Google Scholar
Noyes, R. W., Withbroe, G. L., and Kirshner, R. P.: 1970, Solar Phys. 11,388.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Parks, G. K. and Winckler, J. R.: 1969, Astrophys. J. 155,LI 17.
Article Google Scholar
Petschek, H. E.: 1964, AAS-NASA Symp., NASA SP-50, p. 425.
Google Scholar
Pneuman, G. W.: 1967, Solar Phys. 2,462.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Pneuman, G. W.: 1968, Solar Phys. 3,578.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Pneuman, G. W.: 1969, Solar Phys. 6,255.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Pounds, K. A., Evans, K., and Russell, P. C: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,431.
ADS Google Scholar
Ramsey, H. E., Angle, K. L., and Smith, S. F.: 1967, Lockheed Solar Observ. Rep. LR 20882.
Google Scholar
Ramsey, H. E., Smith, S. F., and Angle, K. L.: 1968, Lockheed Solar Observ. Rep. LMSC 681495.
Google Scholar
Reeves, E. M. et al: 1970, paper presented at the Leningrad STP Symposium, May 1970.
Google Scholar
Rossbach, M. and Schroter, E. H.: 1970, Solar Phys. 12,95.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Saito, K. and Billings, D. E.: 1964, Astrophys. J. 140,760.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Sakurai, K.: 1966, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 18,77.
ADS Google Scholar
Schmidt, H. U.: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,95.
ADS Google Scholar
Schröter, E. H.: 1966, Florence Symp. on Sunspots, p. 222.
Google Scholar
Severny, A. B.: 1972, this volume, p. 38.
Google Scholar
Sheeley, N.: 1966, Astrophys. J. 144,723.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Sheeley, N.: 1967, Solar Phys. 1,171.
Google Scholar
Simon, G. and Leighton, R. B.: 1964, Astrophys. J. 140,1120.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Simon, G. and Weiss, N. O.: 1970, Solar Phys. 13,85.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Smith, S. F.: 1966, Lockheed Solar Observ. Rep. LR 20445.
Google Scholar
Smith, S. F.: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,267.
Google Scholar
Steshenko, N. V.: 1967, Izv. Krymsk. Astrofiz. Observ. 37,21.
Google Scholar
Sturrock, P. A.: 1966, Nature 211,695.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Sturrock, P. A.: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,471.
ADS Google Scholar
Sturrock, P. A. and Smith, S. M.: 1968, Solar Phys. 5,87.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Syrovatskii, S. I.: 1969, in C. de Jager and Z. Švestka (eds.), ’solar Flares and Space Research’, Xlth Cospar Symposium, North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, p. 346.
Google Scholar
Teske, R. G.: 1969, Solar Phys. 6,193.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Teske, R. G. and Thomas, R. J.: 1969, Solar Phys. 8,348.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Tousey, R., Sandlin, G. D., and Purcell, J. D.: 1968, in K. O. Kiepenheuer (ed.), ’structure and Development of Solar Active Regions’, IAU Symp. 35,411.
ADS Google Scholar
Tsap, T. T.: 1964, Izv. Krymsk. Astrofiz. Observ. 31,200.
Google Scholar
Tsap, T. T.: 1965, Izv. Krymsk. Astrofiz. Observ. 33,92.
Google Scholar
Tsubaki, T.: 1967, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 19,96.
ADS Google Scholar
Unsöld, A.: 1970, Astron. Astrophys. 4,220.
ADS Google Scholar
Vaiana, G. S. et al: 1968, Science 161,564.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Veeder, G. J. and Zirin, H.: 1970, Solar Phys. 12,391.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Waldmeier, M.: 1963, Z. Astrophys. 56,291.
ADS Google Scholar
Weart, S. R. and Zirin, H.: 1969, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 81,270.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Weiss, N. O.: 1964, Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 128,225.
ADS Google Scholar
Wentzel, D. G.: 1964, in W. N. Hess (ed.), ‘The Physics of Solar Flares’, NASA publication 50, p. 397.
Google Scholar
Wild, J. P.: 1968, Proc. ASA 1,137.
ADS Google Scholar
Wilson, P. R.: 1968, Solar Phys. 3,243.
Article ADS Google Scholar
Zirin, H.: 1970, Solar Phys. 11,497.
Article ADS Google Scholar

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Fraunhofer Institute, Freiburg i.B., Germany
A. Bruzek

Authors

A. Bruzek
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

C. de Jager E. R. Dyer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

About this paper

Cite this paper

Bruzek, A. (1972). Properties of Solar Active Regions. In: de Jager, C., Dyer, E.R. (eds) Solar-Terrestrial Physics/1970. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 29. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3126-4_5

Download citation

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3126-4_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-90-277-0210-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-010-3126-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics