Abstract
China was the world’s leading economy from the early 1500s until the early 1800s (Maddison 2001, 2007). Then, although the country experienced catastrophes, it advanced amidst turbulence in the next two centuries. From 1978 to 2010, China’s gross domestic product (GDP) grew from 364.5 billion RMB to 39.7983 trillion RMB, the second largest in the world. Accordingly, the per capita GDP increased every year.
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Notes
- 1.
In mainland China, preschools have a different name “you er yuan” (幼儿园), which literally means “kindergarten” in Chinese, usually referring to full-day programs serving 3–6-year-old children with a focus on education and care. Children are generally grouped by age in kindergarten. Government regulations in 1981 recommended three groupings: juniors (3-year-olds), middle (4-year-olds) and seniors (5-year-olds). Class size increases with age, usually ranging from 20 to 40 children. Each group typically has two teachers and a nurse. Large, affluent centers also often have one or more doctor on the staff to care for sick or injured children. They also provide other health-related services, such as performing health screenings, giving immunizations and planning nutritious meals.
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Li, M., Deng, F., Liu, L. (2015). How to Advance the Initial Training System for Chinese Kindergarten Teachers in a New Era. In: HUO, L., B. NEUMAN, S., NANAKIDA, A. (eds) Early Childhood Education in Three Cultures. New Frontiers of Educational Research. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44986-8_9
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