Abstract
Emergency doors may be bottlenecks in the evacuation of a building. To assess and improve ways in which bottlenecks are used during evacuation conditions, knowledge regarding the microscopic and macroscopic phenomena at bottlenecks is required. Using data from laboratory experiments, parameters have been estimated using the microscopic simulation tool Nomad. The conclusion is that the pedestrian behavior shown upstream of bottlenecks in evacuation conditions is different from normal walking behavior. In the latter, especially in higher densities, pedestrians look for gaps which they can use to overtake other pedestrians when they have a higher free speed. In the experiments described here, pedestrians seem to have determined a path leading towards the door (the bottleneck), along which they only progress slowly, but where they stick to rather consistently. Overall, we could conclude that both types of behavior cannot be covered with a similar model type, but a multiregime model seems to be more appropriate, in which situations with low and high densities can be distinguished and dedicated models can be applied in the specific situations (regimes).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
The Green Guide, fourth edition edn. (HMSO London, 1997)
Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment. Bouwbesluit (in dutch), accessed on august 15, 2010 (2003). URL http://213.154.245.57/bouwbesluitonline/
I. Peschl, Bouw 26, 62 (1971)
P. van Soomeren, H. Stienstra, J. Wever, G. Klunder, Human behavior during evacuation from buildings (2007)
M. Kobes, Ability to cope in fire: critical factors for safe escape from buildings. Tech. rep. (2008)
W. Daamen, S. Hoogendoorn, accepted for Fire Technology 2012 (2010)
S. Hoogendoorn, P. Bovy, Optimal Control Applications and Methods 24, 153 (2003)
S. Hoogendoorn, W. Daamen, M. Campanella, P. Bovy, in Preprint of the 6th Triennial Symposium on Transportation Analysis (TRISTAN), June, Thailand, 1–6 (2007)
S. Hoogendoorn, W. Daamen, R. Landman, Microscopic calibration and validation of pedestrian models. Cross-comparison of models using experimental data (Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2005), pp. 253–266
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Daamen, W., Hoogendoorn, S.P. (2013). Estimating Model Parameters for Bottlenecks in Evacuation Conditions. In: Kozlov, V., Buslaev, A., Bugaev, A., Yashina, M., Schadschneider, A., Schreckenberg, M. (eds) Traffic and Granular Flow '11. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39669-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39669-4_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-39668-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-39669-4
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)