Abstract
XML (Extensible Mark-up Language) has recently been embraced as a new approach to data modeling. Nowadays, more and more information is formatted as semi-structured data, i.e. articles in a digital library, documents on the web and so on. Implementation of an efficient system enabling storage and querying of XML documents requires development of new techniques. The indexing of an XML document is enabled by providing an efficient evaluation of a user query. XML query languages, like XPath or XQuery, apply a form of path expressions for composing more general queries. The evaluation process of regular path expressions is not efficient enough using the current approaches to indexing XML data. Most approaches index single elements and the query statement is processed by joining individual expressions. In this article we will introduce an approach which makes it possible to efficiently process a query defined by regular path expressions. This approach indexes all root-to-leaf paths and stores them in multi-dimensional data structures, allowing the indexing and efficient querying of an enormous volume of XML data.
Work is partially supported by Grant of GACR No. 201/03/0912.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Al-Khalifa, S., Jagadish, H.V., Koudas, N.: Structural Joins: A Primitive for Efficient XML Query Pattern Matching. In: Proceedings of ICDE 2002, The IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, San Jose, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2002)
Bayer, R.: The Universal B-Tree for multidimensional indexing: General Concepts. In: Masuda, T., Tsukamoto, M., Masunaga, Y. (eds.) WWCA 1997. LNCS, vol. 1274, Springer, Heidelberg (1997)
Chen, Y., Davidson, S.B., Zheng, Y.: Blas: an efficient xpath processing system. In: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Paris, France, pp. 47–58. ACM Press, New York (2004)
Chen, Z., Korn, G., Koudas, F., Shanmugasundaram, N., Srivastava, J.: Index Structures for Matching XML Twigs Using Relational Query Processors. In: Proceedings of ICDE 2005, The IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 1273–1273. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2005)
Chung, C.-W., Min, J.-K., Shim, K.: Apex: an adaptive path index for xml data. In: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Madison, pp. 121–132. ACM Press, New York (2002)
Georgiadis, H., Vassalos, V.: Improving the Efficiency of XPath Execution on Relational Systems. In: Ioannidis, Y., Scholl, M.H., Schmidt, J.W., Matthes, F., Hatzopoulos, M., Boehm, K., Kemper, A., Grust, T., Boehm, C. (eds.) EDBT 2006. LNCS, vol. 3896, p. 570. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)
Grust, T.: Accelerating XPath Location Steps. In: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Madison, ACM Press, New York (2002)
Guttman, A.: R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure for Spatial Searching. In: Proceedings of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Boston, pp. 47–57. ACM Press, New York (1984)
Li, W.H.H., Lee, M.L.: A path-based labeling scheme for efficient structural join. In: Bressan, S., Ceri, S., Hunt, E., Ives, Z.G., Bellahsène, Z., Rys, M., Unland, R. (eds.) XSym 2005. LNCS, vol. 3671, pp. 34–48. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Jiang, H., Lu, H., Wang, W., Ooi, B.: XR-Tree: Indexing XML Data for Efficient Structural Join. In: Proceedings of ICDE 2003, The IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, India, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2003)
Krátký, M., Pokorný, J., Snášel, V.: Implementation of XPath Axes in the Multi-dimensional Approach to Indexing XML Data. In: Bertino, E., Christodoulakis, S., Plexousakis, D., Christophides, V., Koubarakis, M., Böhm, K., Ferrari, E. (eds.) EDBT 2004. LNCS, vol. 2992, Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Krátký, M., Skopal, T., Snášel, V.: Multidimensional Term Indexing for Efficient Processing of Complex Queries. Kybernetika, Journal 40(3), 381–396 (2004)
Krátký, M., Snášel, V., Zezula, P., Pokorný, J.: Efficient Processing of Narrow Range Queries in the R-Tree. In: Proceedings of International Database Engineering & Applications Symposium, IDEAS 2006, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos (2006)
Krishnamurthy, R., Kaushik, R., Naughton, J.F.: Efficient XML-to-SQL Query Translation: Where to Add the Intelligence?. In: Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, VLDB 2004 (2004)
Li, Q., Moon, B.: Indexing and Querying XML Data for Regular Path Expressions. In: Proceedings of 27th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, VLDB 2001 (2001)
Shimura, T., Yoshikawa, M., Amagasa, T., Uemura, S.: Xrel: a path-based approach to storage and retrieval of xml documents using relational databases. ACM Trans. Inter. Tech. 1(1), 110–141 (2001)
Widom, J., Goldman, R.: DataGuides: Enabling Query Formulation and Optimization in Semistructured Databases. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, VLDB 1997, pp. 436–445 (1997)
Shanmugasundaram, J., et al.: A general technique for querying XML documents using a relational database system. SIGMOD Rec. 30, 20–26 (2001)
Shasha, D.: Algorithmics and Applications of Tree and Graph Searching, tutorial. In: Proceedings of ACM Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, PODS 2002, ACM Press, New York (2002)
Tatarinov, I., et al.: Storing and querying ordered XML using a relational database system. In: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Madison, pp. 204–215. ACM Press, New York (2002)
W3 Consortium. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0, W3C Recommendation (February 10, 1998), http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml
W3 Consortium. XQuery 1.0: An XML Query Language, W3C Working Draft (November 12, 2003), http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery/
W3 Consortium. XML Path Language (XPath) Version 2.0, W3C Working Draft (November 15, 2002), http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath20/
Wang, H., Park, S., Fan, W., Yu, P.S.: ViST: a dynamic index method for querying XML data by tree structures. In: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, San Diego, pp. 110–121. ACM Press, New York (2003)
Zhang, C., Naughton, J., DeWitt, D., Luo, Q., Lohman, G.: On supporting containment queries in relational database management systems. In: Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Santa Barbara, pp. 425–436. ACM Press, New York, USA (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Krátký, M., Bača, R., Snášel, V. (2007). On the Efficient Processing Regular Path Expressions of an Enormous Volume of XML Data. In: Wagner, R., Revell, N., Pernul, G. (eds) Database and Expert Systems Applications. DEXA 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4653. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74469-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74469-6_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-74467-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-74469-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)