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Neonatal Critical Care Nephrology

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Critical Care Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy in Children

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Abstract

Extraordinary advancements in neonatal care have markedly reduced mortality of infants hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Over the last decade, studies show that neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) is common and those with AKI have higher mortality and prolonged length of stay. The most common accepted definition of the neonatal AKI is based on a rise in serum creatinine and/or decrease in urine output. Premature infants are born with low nephron numbers which predisposes them to AKI and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite recent insights that substantiate the impact of poor kidney health on outcomes in sick neonates, significant critical gaps in our understanding of the antenatal and postnatal factors exist. The global burden of AKI and CKD in NICU graduates need to be better understood. Fortunately, progress is being made as investigators are performing large observational studies, and randomized clinical trials that evaluate risk factors, outcomes, and interventions. Peritoneal dialysis is a method of choice for kidney function replacement in newborns. In addition, novel machines, with smaller extracorporeal volume, designed to provide renal support for neonates have been designed and are currently in use in a few centers around the world.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric and Infant Center for Acute Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    David Askenazi

  2. Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Novi Sad, Serbia

    Vesna Stojanović

  3. Intermediate Intensive Care Unit, Institute of Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia

    Vesna Stojanović

Authors
  1. David Askenazi
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  2. Vesna Stojanović
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Correspondence to David Askenazi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

    Akash Deep

  2. Center for Acute Care Nephrology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Stuart L. Goldstein

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Askenazi, D., Stojanović, V. (2018). Neonatal Critical Care Nephrology. In: Deep, A., Goldstein, S. (eds) Critical Care Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy in Children. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90281-4_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90281-4_5

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90280-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90281-4

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