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DNA and Histone Methylation in Brain Cancer

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DNA and Histone Methylation as Cancer Targets

Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D))

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Abstract

Brain tumors are not rare solid cancer. Among them, gliomas are the most frequently occurring primary brain tumors in adults. Although they exist in different malignant stages, including histologically benign forms and highly aggressive states, most gliomas are clinically challenging for neuro-oncologists because of their infiltrative growth patterns and inherent relapse tendency with increased malignancy and dismal prognosis. Extensive genetic analyses of glioma have revealed a variety of deregulated genetic pathways involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, cell migration/adhesion, and cell cycle. Recently, it has become evident that epigenetic alterations may also be an important factor for glioma genesis. Epigenetic events can be defined as mitotically heritable changes in gene expression that are not due to changes in the primary DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms, including those involving enzymatic modifications to DNA or histone proteins, thereby regulating gene expression, are increasingly recognized as a source of phenotypic variability in biology. Of epigenetic marks, DNA and histone methylation is a key mark that regulates gene expression and thus modulates a wide range of oncogenic processes. In this review, I discuss the neuro-oncological significance of DNA and histone methylation in patients with brain cancer while briefly overviewing the biological roles of histone modifications.

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Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Min Gyu Lee, Ph.D. (mglee@mdanderson.org) whose recent affiliation is the Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center for reviewing this manuscript sincerely. Recently, Sung-Hun Lee moved to Plumbline Life Science Inc., whose affiliation is Department of Research and Development, Plumbline Life Science Inc., Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.

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The author has no conflicts of interests.

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  1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Sung-Hun Lee

  2. Division of Neurooncology and Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 158 Paryong-ro, Masanhoewon-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51353, South Korea

    Young Zoon Kim MD, PhD

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  1. Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan

    Atsushi Kaneda

  2. Advanced Biological Information Research Division, INAMORI Frontier Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan

    Yu-ichi Tsukada

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Lee, SH., Kim, Y.Z. (2017). DNA and Histone Methylation in Brain Cancer. In: Kaneda, A., Tsukada, Yi. (eds) DNA and Histone Methylation as Cancer Targets. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59786-7_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59786-7_12

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-59784-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-59786-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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