Abstract
To gain more information about the relationship between early cement hydration and rheological behavior of the corresponding cement paste, a new penetration test device, with the name “Multipurpose Incremental Loading device” (MILD), has been developed. The construction and the mechanical properties of the device are described in detail. Furthermore, the implementation of a measurement and first results will be discussed, and the new device is compared with the standardized Vicat test. In addition, a comparison of the measurement results with rheological investigations is made and the results of quantitative in-situ XRD and calorimetry are integrated for a deeper understanding. We show that it is possible to get more information about the structure formation with the new device than with the Vicat test. Moreover, a comparison with the rheological properties of a cement paste was done. Both methods show two periods with different rheological behavior. During the first two hours the paste shows a slow increase of viscosity which is followed by a strong increase. The results of the penetration test and the rheometer are linked with the formation of hydration products and the heat flow development. This comparison shows that the link between the two periods is the beginning of the acceleration period. Finally, it is concluded that it is possible to get precise information about the early cement hydration with a penetration test.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Wangler T, Lloret E, Reiter L, Hack N, Gramazio F, Kohler M, Bernhard M, Dillenburger B, Buchli J, Roussel N, Flatt RJ (2016) Digital concrete: opportunities and challenges. RILEM Tech Lett 1:67–75
Roussel N (2018) Rheological requirements for printable concretes. Cem Concr Res 112:76–85
Lootens D, Jousset P, Martinie L, Roussel N, Flatt RJ (2009) Yield stress during setting of cement pastes from penetration tests. Cem Concr Res 39:401–408
Boujlel J, Coussot P (2012) Measuring yield stress: a new, practical, and precise technique derived from detailed penetrometry analysis. Rheol Acta 51:867–882
Jansen D, Naber C, Ectors D, Lu Z, Kong X-M, Goetz-Neunhoeffer F, Neubauer J (2018) The early hydration of OPC investigated by in-situ XRD, heat flow calorimetry, pore water analysis and 1H NMR: learning about adsorbed ions from a complete mass balance approach. Cem Concr Res 109:230–242
Deutsches Institut für Normung (2017) Prüfverfahren für Zement: Teil 3: Bestimmung der Erstarrungszeiten und der Raumbeständigkeit; Deutsche Fassung EN 196-3:2016
Jansen D, Goetz-Neunhoeffer F, Stabler C, Neubauer J (2011) A remastered external standard method applied to the quantification of early OPC hydration. Cem Concr Res 41:602–608
Hertel T, Neubauer J, Goetz-Neunhoeffer F (2016) Study of hydration potential and kinetics of the ferrite phase in iron-rich CAC. Cem Concr Res 83:79–85
Flatt RJ, Larosa D, Roussel N (2006) Linking yield stress measurements: spread test versus Viskomat. Cem Concr Res 36:99–109
Mantellato S, Palacios M, Flatt RJ (2019) Relating early hydration, specific surface and flow loss of cement pastes. Mater Struct 52:5
de Oliveira Romano RC, Hark Maciel M, Pileggi RG, Alba Cincotto M (2017) Monitoring of hardening of Portland cement suspensions by Vicat test, oscillatory rheometry and isothermal calorimetry. Appl Rheol 27:28–37
Saak AW, Jennings HM, Shah SP (2001) The influence of wall slip on yield stress and viscoelastic measurements of cement paste. Cem Concr Res 31:205–212
Bergold ST, Goetz-Neunhoeffer F, Neubauer J (2013) Quantitative analysis of C-S–H in hydrating alite pastes by in-situ XRD. Cem Concr Res 53:119–126
Bergold ST, Goetz-Neunhoeffer F, Neubauer J (2015) Mechanically activated alite: new insights into alite hydration. Cem Concr Res 76:202–211
Jansen D, Goetz-Neunhoeffer F, Lothenbach B, Neubauer J (2012) The early hydration of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC): an approach comparing measured heat flow with calculated heat flow from QXRD. Cem Concr Res 42:134–138
Acknowledgement
The author would like to thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) for funding the priority program Opus Fluidum Futurum – Rheology of reactive, multiscale, multiphase construction materials (SPP 2005) (STE 1086/181; NE 813/7-1) and HeidelbergCement for providing the materials.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 RILEM
About this paper
Cite this paper
Pott, U., Ehm, C., Jakob, C., Stephan, D. (2020). Investigation of the Early Cement Hydration with a New Penetration Test, Rheometry and In-Situ XRD. In: Mechtcherine, V., Khayat, K., Secrieru, E. (eds) Rheology and Processing of Construction Materials. RheoCon SCC 2019 2019. RILEM Bookseries, vol 23. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22566-7_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22566-7_29
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-22565-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-22566-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)