Abstract
Nanotechnology (NT) is the branch of science that deals with the matter at nanoscale. Nanostructured materials offer great advantage in the field of diagnosis due to their unique physiochemical properties. The conventional method of diagnosis is time taking and demands expertise. Early diagnosis of major harmful diseases such as cancer leads to better prognosis. Nanodiagnostics (NDs) is the application of nanostructures in biomedical sciences. It offers cheaper and early diagnosis, and there is no need for experts to perform the tests based on nanotechnology. Nanoscale-fabricated structured devices provide diagnostic results available at the patient’s bedside i.e., point-of-care diagnosis. Common nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorobots, and nanocrystals are used to fabricate useful nanodevices such as nanobiosensors, biochips, etc. Application of nanotechnology has been seen everywhere in medical sciences. The use of nanomaterials in nanodiagnostics significantly improved the method of diagnosis in techniques such as immunohistochemistry (IHC), genotyping, cancer detection, and biomarker detection. Nano-based contrast agents are frequently in use in the field of imaging such as MRI, ultrasound, PET/CT scan, and so on. NT also troubleshoots one of the major problems in pharmaceutical industries, i.e., poor solubility of drugs. Poor solubility of drugs decreases the bioavailability of drugs and increases the systemic toxicity in vivo. Nanocarriers such as liposomes, dendrimers, and polymeric micelles not only overcome this problem but also offer some additional advantage like targeted drug delivery. Integration of nanotechnology with other techniques like microfluidics holds great promises in the field of diagnosis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Akbarzadeh A, Sadabady RR, Davaran S (2013) Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications. Nanoscale Res Lett 8(1):102
Alric C, Taleb J, Le Duc G et al (2008) Gadolinium chelate coated gold nanoparticles as contrast agents for both X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Chem Soc 130:5908–5915
Aulton ME (2007) Pharmaceutics: the design and manufacture of medicines, 3rd edn. Churchill Livingstone, London
Aziz N, Faraz M, Pandey R, Sakir M, Fatma T, Varma A, Barman I, Prasad R (2015) Facile algae-derived route to biogenic silver nanoparticles: synthesis, antibacterial and photocatalytic properties. Langmuir 31:11605–11612
Aziz N, Pandey R, Barman I, Prasad R (2016) Leveraging the attributes of Mucor hiemalis-derived silver nanoparticles for a synergistic broad-spectrum antimicrobial platform. Front Microbiol 7:1984. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01984
Aziz N, Faraz M, Sherwani MA, Fatma T, Prasad R (2019) Illuminating the anticancerous efficacy of a new fungal chassis for silver nanoparticle synthesis. Front Chem. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00065
Azmi MA, Tehrani Z, Lewis RP (2014) Highly sensitive covalently functionalized integrated silicon nanowire biosensor devices for detection of cancer risk biomarker. Biosens Bioelectron 52:216–224
Bahadorimehr AR, Jumril Y, Majlis BY (2010) Low cost fabrication of microfluidic microchannels for lab-on-a-chip applications. International conference on electronic devices, systems and applications, pp 242–244
Barone PW, Baik S, Heller DA, Strano MS (2005) Near-infrared optical sensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nat Mater 4:86–92
Beishon M (2013) Exploiting a Nano-Sized Breach in Cancer’s Defences. Cancer World :14–21
Boisselier BE, Astruc D (2009) Gold nanoparticles in nanomedicine: preparations, imaging, diagnostics, therapies and toxicity. Chem Soc Rev 38:1759–1782
Buzea C, Pacheco II, Robbie K (2007) Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: sources and toxicity. Biointerphases 4:MR17–MR71
Caban S, Aytekin E, Sahin A, Capan Y (2014) Nanosystems for drug delivery. OA Drug Des Deliv 2(1):2
Cabibbe AM, Miotto P, Moure R (2015) Lab-on-chip-based platform for fast molecular diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol 53(12):3876–3880
Cai QY, Kim SH, Choi KS et al (2007) Colloidal gold nanoparticles as a blood-pool contrast agent for x-ray computed tomography in mice. Investig Radiol 42(12):797–806
Caminade AM, Turrin CO (2014) Dendrimers for drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2:4055–4066
Cash KJ, Clark HA (2010) Nanosensors and nanomaterials for monitoring glucose in diabetes. Trends Mol Med 16(12):584–593
Challa S, Kumar SR (2007) Nanomaterials for medical diagnosis and therapy (Handbook). The Wiley network USA
Chan HK, Kwok PCL (2011) Production methods for nanodrug particles using the bottom-up approach. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 63:406–416
Chen Z, Meng H, Xing G (2007) Toxicological and biological effects of nanomaterials. Int J Nanotechnol 4:179–196
Chen Y, Ai K, Liu J, Ren X (2016) Polydopamine-based coordination nanocomplex for T1/T2 dual mode magnetic resonance imaging-guided chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy. Biomaterials 77:198–206
Chen K, Yuen C, Aniweh Y (2017) Recent progress in the development of diagnostic tests for malaria. Diagnostics (Basel) 7(3):54
Cheng WP, Gray AI, Tetley L, Hang TLB (2006) Polyelectrolyte nanoparticles with high drug loading enhance the oral uptake of hydrophobic compounds. Biomacromolecules 7:1509–1520
Cheng K, El-Boubbou K, Landry CC (2012) Binding of HIV-1 gp120 glycoprotein to silica nanoparticles modified with CD4 glycoprotein and CD4 peptide fragments. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4(1):235–243
Chetoni P, Burgalassi S, Monti D, Najarro M (2007) Liposome-encapsulated mitomycin C for the reduction of corneal healing rate and ocular toxicity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 17(1):43–48
Chikkaveeraiah BV, Bhirde A, Malhotra R, Patel V, Gutkind JS (2009) Single-wall carbon nanotube forest arrays for immunoelectrochemical measurement of four protein biomarkers for prostate cancer. Anal Chem 81(21):9129–9134
Choi S, Tripathi A, Singh D (2014) Smart nanomaterials for biomedics. J Biomed Nanotechnol 10(10):3162–3188
Cole LE, Ross RD, Tilley JM, Vargo-Gogola T (2015) Gold nanoparticles as contrast agents in X-ray imaging and computed tomography. Nanomedicine 10:321–341
Coughlin AJ, Ananta JS, Deng N, Larina IV, Decuzzi P, West JL (2014) Gadolinium-conjugated gold nanoshells for multimodal diagnostic imaging and photothermal cancer therapy. Small 10:556–565
Cui Y, Wei Q, Park H, Lieber CM (2001) Nanowire nanosensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of biological and chemical species. Science 293:89–92
Daraee H, Eatemadi A, Abbasi E, Aval SF, Kouhi M (2016) Application of gold nanoparticles in biomedical and drug delivery. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 44:410–422
Ding H, Wang X, Zhang S, Liu X (2012) Applications of polymeric micelles with tumor targeted in chemotherapy. J Nanopart Res 14:1–13
Dixon C, Ng AHC, Fobel R, Miltenburg MB, Wheeler AR (2016) An inkjet printer, roll-coated digital microfluidic device for inexpensive, miniaturized diagnostic assays. Lab Chip 16(23):4560–4568
Draz MS, Shafiee H (2018) Applications of gold nanoparticles in virus detection. Theranostics 8(7):1985–2017
Dua JS, Rana AC, Bhandari AK (2012) Liposomes methods of preparation and applications. Int J Pharm Stud Res 3:14–20
Fan L, Qi H, Teng J, Su B (2016) Identification of serum miRNAs by nano-quantum dots microarray as diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 37:7777–7784
Farokhzad OC, Langer R (2009) Impact of nanotechnology on drug delivery. ACS Nano 3:16–20
Fazio B, Andrea CD, Foti A, Messina E (2016) SERS detection of Biomolecules at Physiological pH via aggregation of Gold Nanorods mediated by Optical Forces and Plasmonic Heating. Sci Rep 6:26952
Fonte P, Noguiera T, Gehm C (2011) Chitosan-coated solid lipid nanoparticles enhance the oral absorption of insulin. Drug Deliv Transl Res 1(4):299–308
Fritz J (2008) Cantilever biosensors. Analyst 133:855–863
Fu L, Ke H (2016) Nanomaterials incorporated ultrasound contrast agents for cancer theranostics. Cancer Biol Med 13(3):313–324
Fu Y, Li P, Wang T (2010) Novel polymeric bionanocomposites with catalytic Pt nanoparticles label immobilized for high performance amperometric immunoassay. Biosens Bioelectron 25:1699–1704
Fuente DL, Jesus M (2006) Gold and gold-Iron oxide magnetic glyconanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties. J Phys Chem B 110(26):13021–13028
Gao A, Lu N, Dai P, Fan C, Wang Y, Li T (2014) Direct ultrasensitive electrical detection of prostate cancer biomarkers with CMOS-compatible n- and p-type silicon nanowire sensor arrays. Nanoscale 6(21):13036–13042
Garcia AC, Merkoci A (2016) Nanobiosensors in diagnostics. Nano 3:1–26
Gayathri T, Kumar RA, Panigrahi BS, Devanand B (2017) Silica-coated europium-doped gadolinium oxide nanorods for dual-modal imaging of cancer cells. Nano 12(06):1750073
Geho DH, Jones CD, Petricoin EF, Liotta LA (2006) Nanoparticles: potential biomarker harvesters. Curr Opin Chem Biol 10:56–61
Ghaghada KB, Sato AF, Starosolski ZA, Berg J (2016) Computed tomography imaging of solid tumors using a liposomal-iodine contrast agent in companion dogs with naturally occurring cancer. PLoS One 11(3):e0152718
Hainfeld JF, Slatkin DN, Focella TM, Smilowitz HM (2006) Gold nanoparticles: a new X-ray contrast agent. Br J Radiol 79:248–253
Holzinger M, Goff AL, Cosneir S (2014) Nanomaterials for biosensing applications: a review. Front Chem 2:63
Hounsfield GN (1973) Computerized transverse axial scanning (tomography), description of system. Br J Radiol 46(552):1016–1022
Huang X, Li S, Schultz JS, Wang Q, Lin Q (2009) A MEMS affinity glucose sensor using a biocompatible glucose-responsive polymer. Sensors Actuators B Chem 140(2):603–609
Jackson TC, Patani BO, Ekpa DE (2017) Nanotechnology in diagnosis: a review. Adv Nanopart 6:93–102
Jia F, Liu X, Li L, Mallapragada S, Narasimhan B, Wang Q (2013) Multifunctional nanoparticles for targeted delivery of immune activating and cancer therapeutic agents. J Control Release 172(3):1020–1034
Jin Y, Wang J, Ke H, Wang S, Dai Z (2013) Graphene oxide modified PLA microcapsules containing gold nanoparticles for ultrasonic/CT bimodal imaging guided photothermal tumor therapy. Biomaterials 34:4794–4802
Jin Q, Chen Y, Wang Y, Ji J (2014) Zwitterionic drug nanocarriers: a biomimetic strategy for drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 124:80–86
Junghanns J, MĂ¼ller RH (2008) Nanocrystal technology, drug delivery and clinical applications. Int J Nanomedicine 3:295–309
Kang HK, Seo J, Carlo DD, Choi YK (2003) Planar nanogap capacitor arrays on quartz for optical and dielectric bioassays. In: Proceedings of the micro total analysis systems, Squaw Valley, California, USA. pp 697–700
Ke H, Yue X, Wang J (2014) Gold nanoshelled liquid perfluorocarbon nanocapsules for combined dual modal ultrasound/CT imaging and photothermal therapy of cancer. Small 10:1220–1227
Kedar U, Phutane P, Shidhaye S, Kadam V (2010) Advances in polymeric micelles for drug delivery and tumor targeting. Nanomedicine 6:714–729
Kim D, Park S, Lee JH, Jeong YY, Jon S (2007) Antibiofouling polymer-coated gold nanoparticles as a contrast agent for in vivo X-ray computed tomography imaging. J Am Chem Soc 129:7661–7665
Kim JH, Yeo WH, Shu Z (2012) Immunosensor towards low-cost, rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis. Lab Chip 12(8):1437–1440
Klostranec JM, Chan WCW (2006) Quantum dots in biological and biomedical research: recent progress and present challenges. Adv Mater 18:1953–1964
Kojima C, Umeda Y, Ogawa M, Harada A, Magata Y, Kono K (2010) X-ray computed tomography contrast agents prepared by seeded growth of gold nanoparticles in PEGylated dendrimer. Nanotechnology 21:245104
Krishnamurthy V (2010) Ion-channel biosensors-part i: construction, operation, and clinical studies. IEEE Trans Nanotechnol 9(3):303–312
Krukemeyer MG, Krenn V, Huebner F, Wagner W (2015) History and possible uses of nanomedicine based on nanoparticles and nanotechnological progress. Nanomed Nanotechnol 6:336
Kumar SR, Vijayalakshmi R (2006) Nanotechnology in dentistry. Indian J Dent Res 17:62–69
Kumvongpin R, Jearanaikool P, Wilailuckana C, Sae-Ung N (2016) High sensitivity, loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with colorimetric gold-nanoparticle probes for visual detection of high risk human papillomavirus genotypes 16 and 18. J Virol Methods 234:90–95
Lawaczeck R, Bauer H, Frenzel T (2016) Magnetic Iron oxide particles coated with carboxydextran for parenteral administration and liver contrasting. Acta Radiol 38:584–597
Lee D, Koo H, Sun IC, Ryu JH (2012) Multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging and theragnosis. Chem Soc Rev 41(7):2656–2672
Li Y, Artés JM, Demir B, Gokce S (2018) Detection and identification of genetic material via single-molecule conductance. Nat Nanotechnol 13(12):1167–1173
Liu M, Fréchet JM (1999) Designing dendrimers for drug delivery. Pharm Sci Technol Today 2:393–401
Liversidge EM, Liversidge GG, Cooper ER (2003) Nanosizing: a formulation approach for poorly-water-soluble compounds. Eur J Pharm Sci 18:113–120
Lu N, Gao A, Dai P (2014) CMOS-compatible silicon nanowire field-effect transistors for ultrasensitive and label-free microRNAs sensing. Small 10(10):2022–2028
Lueke J, Moussa WA (2011) MEMS-based power generation techniques for implantable Biosensing applications. Sensors (Basel) 11(2):1433–1460
Lyberopoulou A, Stathopoulos EP, Gazouli M (2015) Nanodiagnostic and nanotherapeutic molecular platforms for cancer management. J Cancer Res Updat 4:153–162
MarzĂ¡n LM (2006) Tailoring surface plasmons through the morphology and assembly of metal nanoparticles. Langmuir 22(1):32–41
Mascini M, Tombelli S (2008) Biosensors for biomarkers in medical diagnostics. Biomarkers 13:637–657
Mattrey RF, Scheible FW, Gosink BB, Leopold GR, Long DM, Higgins CB (1982) Perfluoroctylbromide: a liver/spleen-specific and tumorimaging ultrasound contrast material. Radiology 145(3):759–762
Mehnert W, Mäder K (2001) Solid lipid nanoparticles: production, characterization and applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 47:165–196
Miyata K, Christie RJ, Kataoka K (2011) Polymeric micelles for nano-scale drug delivery. React Funct Polym 71:227–234
Mozafari M (2010) Liposomes: methods and protocols, pharmaceutical nanocarriers, 1st edn. Humana Press, Totowa, pp 29–50
MĂ¼ller R, Maaβen S, Weyhers H (1996) Cytotoxicity of magnetite-loaded polylactide, polylactide/glycolide particles and solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 138:85–94
MĂ¼ller R, Jacobs C, Kayser O (2001) Nanosuspensions as particulate drug formulations in therapy. Rationale for development and what we can expect for the future. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 47:3–19
Nasimi P, Haidari M (2013) Medical use of nanoparticles: drug delivery and diagnosis diseases. Int J Green Nanotechnol 1:1–5
Nie L, Liu F, Ma P, Xiao X (2014) Applications of gold nanoparticles in optical biosensors. J Biomed Nanotechnol 10:2700–2721
Olbrich C, Bakowsky U, Lehr CM (2001) Cationic solid-lipid nanoparticles can efficiently bind and transfect plasmid DNA. J Control Release 77(3):345–355
Pedersen N, Hansen S, Heydenreich AV, Kristensen HG (2006) Solid lipid nanoparticles can effectively bind DNA, streptavidin and biotinylated ligands. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 62:155–162
Peeling RW, Mabey D (2010) Point-of-care tests for diagnosing infections in the developing world. Clin Microbiol Infect 16(8):1062–1069
Perez-Campana C, Gomez-Vallejo V, Puigivila M, Martin A, Calvo-Fernandez T, Moya SE, Ziolo RF, Reese T, Llop J (2013) Biodistribution of different sized nanoparticles assessed by positron emission tomography: a general strategy for direct activation of metal oxide particles. ACS Nano 7(4):3498–3505
Prasad R (2014) Synthesis of silver nanoparticles in photosynthetic plants. J Nanopart 963961. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/963961
Prasad R, Pandey R, Barman I (2016) Engineering tailored nanoparticles with microbes: quo vadis. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 8:316–330. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1363
Prasad R (2017) Fungal nanotechnology: applications in agriculture, industry, and medicine. Springer Nature, Singapore. (ISBN 978-3-319-68423-9)
Prasad R, Bhattacharyya A, Nguyen QD (2017a) Nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture: Recent developments, challenges, and perspectives. Front Microbiol 8:1014. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01014
Prasad R, Pandey R, Varma A, Barman I (2017b) Polymer based nanoparticles for drug delivery systems and cancer therapeutics. In: Kharkwal H and Janaswamy S (eds.), Natural Polymers for Drug Delivery CAB International, UK, pp 53–70
Prasad R, Jha A, Prasad K (2018) Exploring the realms of nature for nanosynthesis. Springer International Publishing. https://www.springer.com/978-3-319-99570-0
Rabinow BE (2004) Nanosuspensions in drug delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 3:785–796
Rajasundari K, Hamurugu K (2011) Nanotechnology and its application in medical diagnosis. J Basic Pure Appl Chem 1:26–32
Ramesan RM, Sharma CP (2009) OMICS: biomedical perspectives and applications. Expert Rev Med Devices 6:665–676
Rawat M, Singh D, Saraf S (2006) Nanocarriers: promising vehicle for bioactive drugs. Biol Pharm Bull 29(9):1790–1798
Reimhult E, Höök F (2015) Design of Surface Modifications for nanoscale sensor applications. Sensors 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/s150101635
Roco MC, Harthorn B, Guston D, Shapira P (2017) Innovative and responsible governance of nanotechnology for societal development. In: Nanotechnology research directions for societal needs in 2020, pp 441–488 Springer USA
Saeed AA, Sanchez JLA, O’Sullivan CK (2017) DNA biosensors based on gold nanoparticles-modified graphene oxide for the detection of breast cancer biomarkers for early diagnosis. Bioelectrochemistry 118:91–99
Sahoo SK, Labhasetwar V (2003) Nanotech approaches to drug delivery and imaging. Drug Discov Today 8:1112–1120
Savjani KT, Anuradha K, Gajjar AK, Savjani JK (2012) Drug solubility: importance and enhancement techniques. ISRN Pharm 2012:195727
Seyfer P, Pagenstecher A, Mandic R, Klose KJ, Heverhagen JT (2014) Cancer and inflammation: differentiation by USPIO-enhanced MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 39:665–672
Sharma RB, Hashim U (2013) Microfluidic photomask design using CAD software for application in lab-on-chip biomedical nano diagnostics. Adv Mater Res 795:388–392
Shegokar R, MĂ¼ller RH (2010) Nanocrystals: industrially feasible multifunctional formulation technology for poorly soluble actives. Int J Pharm 399:129–139
Shehada N, Brönstrup G, Funka K, Christiansen S, Leja M, Haick H (2015) Ultrasensitive silicon nanowire for real-world gas sensing: noninvasive diagnosis of cancer from breath Volatolome. Nano Lett 15(2):1288–1295
Shetty NJ, Swati P, David K (2013) Nanorobots: future in dentistry. Saudi Dent J 25(2):49–52
Shilo M, Reuveni T, Motiei M (2012) Nanoparticles as computed tomography contrast agents. Nanomedicine 7(2):257–259
Svenson S (2009) Dendrimers as versatile platform in drug delivery applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 71:445–462
Swierczewska M, Lee S, Chen X (2011) Inorganic nanoparticles for multimodal molecular imaging. Mol Imaging 10(1):3–16
Taguchi M, Ptitsyn A (2014) Nanomaterial-mediated biosensors for monitoring glucose. J Diabetes Sci Technol 8(2):403–411
Takahashi S, Shiraishi T, Miles N, Trock BJ, Kulkarni P, Getzenberg RH (2015) Nanowire analysis of cancer-testis antigens as biomarkers of aggressive prostate cancer. Urology 85(3):704.e1–704.e7
Tan C, Wang Y, Fan Y (2013) Exploring polymeric micelles for improved delivery of anticancer agents: recent developments in preclinical studies. Pharmaceutics 5:201–219
Teraphongphom N, Chhour P, Eisenbrey JR (2015) Nanoparticle loaded polymeric microbubbles as contrast agents for multimodal imaging. Langmuir 31(43):11858–11867
Thévenot DR, Toth K, Durst RA (2001) Electrochemical biosensors: recommended definitions and classification. Biosens Bioelectron 16(1–2):121–131
Tian C, Zhu L, Lin F, Boyes SG (2015) Poly(acrylic acid) bridged gadolinium metal-organic framework-gold nanoparticle composites as contrast agents for computed tomography and magnetic resonance bimodal imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:17765–17775
Torchilin VP (2001) Structure and design of polymeric surfactant-based drug delivery systems. J Control Release 73:137–172
Torchilin VP (2012) Multifunctional nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 64:302–315
Trubetskoy VS, Gazelle GS, Wolf GL, Torchilin VP (1997) Block-copolymer of polyethylene glycol and polylysine as a carrier of organic iodine: design of long-circulating particulate contrast medium for x-ray computed tomography. J Drug Target 4(6):381–388
Varshosaz J, Minayian M, Moazen E (2010) Formulation and optimization of solid lipid nanoparticles of buspirone HCl for enhancement of its oral bioavailability. J Liposome Res 20:115–123
Wang J, Musameh M, Lin YH (2003) Solubilization of carbon nanotubes by Nafion toward the preparation of amperometric biosensors. J Am Chem Soc 125:2408
Warkiani ME, Tay AK, Khoo BL, Xiaofeng X, Han J, Lim CT (2015) Malaria detection using inertial microfluidics. Lab Chip 15(4):1101–1109
Warlin D (2013) Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI: contrast media pharmaceutical company R&D perspective. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 5(5):411–422
Williams HD, Trevaskis NL, Charman SA, Shanker RM (2013) Strategies to address low drug solubility in discovery and development. Pharmacol Rev 65:315–499
Xu C, Mu L, Roes I, Miranda-Nieves I, Nahrendorf D (2011) Nanoparticle-based monitoring of cell therapy. Nanotechnology 22(49):494001
Xu W, Ling P, Zhang T (2013) Polymeric micelles, a promising drug delivery system to enhance bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. J Drug Deliv 2013:340315
Yeh MK, Chang LC, Chiou AHJ (2009) Improving tenoxicam solubility and bioavailability by cosolvent system. AAPS PharmSciTech 10:166–171
Yeo WH, Chung JH, Liu Y, Lee KH (2009) Size-specific concentration of DNA to a nanostructured tip using dielectrophoresis and capillary action. J Phys Chem B 113(31):10849–10858
Yogesh ST, Indrajeet DG, Avinash HS (2011) Solubility enhancement techniques: a review on conventional and novel approaches. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2:2501–2513
Yu L, Shi Z, Fang C, Zhang Y, Liu Y (2015) Disposable lateral flow-through strip for smartphone-camera to quantitatively detect alkaline phosphatase activity in milk. Biosens Bioelectron 69:307–315
Yuen C, Liu QJ (2012) Magnetic field enriched surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy for early malaria diagnosis. J Biomed Opt 17(1):017005
Zhang CY, Yeh HC, Kuroki MT, Wang TH (2005) Single-quantum-dot-based DNA nanosensor. Nat Mater 4(11):826–831
Zhang B, Wang K, Si J, Sui M, Shen Y (2014) Charge-reversal polymers for biodelivery. In: Gu Z (ed) Bioinspired and biomimetic polymer systems for drug and gene delivery. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, pp 223–242
Zhang Z, Xia X, Xiang X, Huang F (2018) Quantum dots-ru complex assembling dyads for cancer cell detection and cellular imaging based on hybridization chain reaction. Sensors Actuators B Chem 257:1–8
Ziegler C (2004) Cantilever-based biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 379(7–8):946–959
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mishra, A.K. (2019). Application of Nanotechnology in Diagnosis, Drug Dissolution, Drug Discovery, and Drug Carrier. In: Prasad, R., Kumar, V., Kumar, M., Choudhary, D. (eds) Nanobiotechnology in Bioformulations. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17061-5_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17061-5_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-17060-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-17061-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)