Abstract
In this chapter, we will discuss some of the risk factors for opioid dependence and abuse. Some of these risk factors relate to environment, genetics, age, and even employment status. Having a personal history of either substance abuse or mental disorder has been correlated with higher risk for opioid abuse, as supported by findings from the TROUP study. We will strive to identify signs of opioid abuse to facilitate vigilance among clinicians working with chronic pain patients.
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Ngo, E., Shah, S. (2015). Signs and Symptoms of Substance Abuse. In: Kaye, A., Vadivelu, N., Urman, R. (eds) Substance Abuse. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1951-2_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1951-2_3
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