Abstract
External forces that have a major effect on most human movements are related to immersion in or flow of fluids past a body. This chapter reviews the mechanical effect of moving through air and water, the two most common fluids encountered in human movement. Fluid forces usually result in considerable resistance to high-velocity movements through fluids, so many sport techniques and pieces of equipment are designed to minimize fluid resistance. Fluid forces, however, can also be used to create movement, like in the skillful application of spin to projectiles. This chapter concludes with application of this use of fluid forces in the Principle of Spin.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adair, R. (1990). The physics of baseball. New York: Harper & Row.
Alaways, L. W., Mish, S. P., & Hubbard, M. (2001). Identification of release conditions and aerodynamic forces in pitched-baseball trajectories. Journal ofApplied Biomechanics, 17, 63–76.
Arellano, R. (1999). Vortices and propulsion. In R. Sanders & J. Linsten (Eds.), SWIMMING: Applied proceedings of the xvii international symposium on biomechanics in sports (Vol. 1, p. 53–66). Perth, WA: Edith Cowan University.
Berger, M. A. M., de Groot, G., & Hollander, A. P. (1995). Hydrodynamic drag and lift force on human hand/arm models. Journal of Biomechanics, 28, 125–133.
Counsilman, J. E. (1971). The application of Bernoulli’s Principle to human propulsion in water. In L. Lewillie and J. Clarys (Eds.), First international symposium on biomechanics of swimming (pp.59–71). Brussels: Université Libre de Bruxelles.
McLean, S. P., & Hinrichs, R. N. (2000a). Influence of arm position and lung volume on the center of buoyancy of competitive swimmers. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71, 182–189.
McLean, S. P., & Hinrichs, R. N. (2000b). Buoyancy, gender, and swimming performance. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 16, 248–263.
Mehta, R. D., & Pallis, J. M. (2001b). Sports ball aerodynamics: Effects of velocity, spin and surface roughness. In F. H. Froes, & S. J. Haake (Eds.), Materials and science in sports (pp. 185–197). Warrendale, PA: The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society [TMS].
Mureika, J. R. (2000). The legality of wind and altitude assisted performances in the sprints. New Studies in Athletics, 15(3/4), 53–58.
Olds, T. (2001). Modelling of human locomotion: Applications to cycling. Sports Medicine, 31, 497–509.
Toussaint, H. M., van den Berg, C., & Beek, W. J. (2002). “Pumped-up propulsion” during front crawl swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34, 314–319.
Watts, R. G., & Bahill, A. T. (2000). Keep your eye on the ball: The science and folklore of baseball (2nd ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman.
Yeadon, M. R. (1997). The biomechanics of human flight. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 25, 575–580.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Knudson, D. (2003). Fluid Mechanics. In: Fundamentals of Biomechanics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5298-4_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5298-4_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-5300-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-5298-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive