Skip to main content

Quality Assessment in Surgery: Mission Impossible?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Patient Safety in Surgery

Abstract

Patients, health care providers, and payers in many countries demand a comprehensive assessment of quality in surgery. By collecting, reporting and comparing surgical outcome, deficiencies in surgical care may be unveiled and corrected to improve safety and quality in surgery. Reliable data collection is also important to compare the outcome of different treatments and for benchmarking. However, any evaluation of surgical quality remains elusive, unless there is a common methodology for reporting negative outcomes and a consensus on what good quality should be. Quality can be viewed from different angles—the definition of quality may widely differ between patients, the society, administrators, and health care policy makers. Yet, the incidence of postoperative complications is still the most frequently used surrogate marker of surgical quality but the definition of a surgical complication still lacks standardization, hampering the interpretation of surgical performance. The Clavien-Dindo classification introduced in 2004 provides a validated, easy-to-use, treatment-based classification of surgical complications that has gained wide acceptance in the surgical community. It enables an objective and standardized assessment of surgical performance—a prerequisite to improve the quality of surgical care provided to our patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Rowell KS, Turrentine FE, Hutter MM, et al. Use of national surgical quality improvement program data as a catalyst for quality improvement. J Am Coll Surg. 2007;204:1293–300.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Miller DC, Filson CP, Wallner LP, et al. Comparing performance of morbidity and mortality conference and national surgical quality improvement program for detection of complications after urologic surgery. Urology. 2006;68:931–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Fiscella K, Franks P, Meldrum S, et al. Racial disparity in surgical complications in New York state. Ann Surg. 2005;242:151–5.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Bertges DJ, Shackford SR, Cloud AK, et al. Toward optimal recording of surgical complications: concurrent tracking compared to the discharge data set. Surgery. 2007;141:19–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Best WR, Khuri SF, Phelan M, et al. Identifying patient preoperative risk factors and postoperative adverse events in administrative databases: results from the Department of Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality improvement program. J Am Coll Surg. 2002;194:257–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Mack MJ, Herbert M, Prince S, et al. Does reporting of coronary artery bypass grafting from administrative databases accurately reflect actual clinical outcomes? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;129:1309–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Shahian DM, Silverstein T, Lovett AF, et al. Comparison of clinical and administrative data sources for hospital coronary artery bypass graft surgery report cards. Circulation. 2007;115:1518–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Gunnarsson U, Seligsohn E, Jestin P, et al. Registration and validity of surgical complications in colorectal cancer surgery. Br J Surg. 2003;90:454–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Donabedian A. The definition of quality and approaches to its assessment. Explorations in quality assessment and monitoring. Ann Arbor: Health Administration Press; 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Woodfield JC, Pettigrew RA, Plank LD, et al. Accuracy of the surgeons’ clinical prediction of perioperative complications using a visual analog scale. World J Surg. 2007;31(10):1912–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Clavien PA, Dindo D. Surgeon’s intuition: is it enough to assess patients’ surgical risk? World J Surg. 2007;31:1909–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Sokol DK, Wilson J. What is a surgical complication? World J Surg. 2008;32:942–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Clavien PA, Sanabria JR, Strasberg SM. Proposed classification of complications of surgery with examples of utility in cholecystectomy. Surgery. 1992;111:518–26.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Clavien PA, Sanabria JR, Mentha G, et al. Recent results of elective open cholecystectomy in a North American and a European center. Comparison of complications and risk factors. Ann Surg. 1992;216:618–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg. 2004;240:205–13.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Dindo D, Hahnloser D, Clavien PA. Quality assessment in surgery—rising a lame horse. Ann Surg. 2010;251:766–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Daley J, Henderson W, Khuri S. Risk-adjusted surgical outcomes. Annu Rev Med. 2001;52:275–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Collins T, Daley J, Henderson W, Khuri S. Risk factors for prolonged length of stay after major elective surgery. Ann Surg. 1999;230:251–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Lang M, Niskanen M, Miettinen P, Alhava E, Takala J. Outcome and resource utilization in gastrointestinal surgery. Br J Surg. 2001;88:1006–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kjerulff K, Rhodes J, Langenberg P, Harvey L. Patient satisfaction with results of hysterectomy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183:1440–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Galland RB. Severity scores in surgery: what for and who needs them? Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2002;387:59–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Copeland G, Jones D, Walters M. POSSUM: a scoring system for surgical audit. Br J Surg. 1991;78:356–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Goldmann L, Caldera DL, Nussbaum SR, Southwick FS, Krogstad D, Murray B, et al. Multifactorial risk index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures. N Engl J Med. 1977;297:845–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Detsky AS, Abrams HB, Forbath N, Scott JG, Hilliard JR. Cardiac assessment for patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. A multifactorial clinical risk index. Arch Intern Med. 1986;146:2131–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Knaus W, Draper E, Wagner D, Zimmermann J. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985;13:818–27.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Ranson JH, Rifkind KM, Roses DF, Fink SD, Eng K, Localio SA. Objective early identification of severe acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1974;61:443–51.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Birkmeyer JD, Hamby LS, Birkmeyer CM, Decker MV, Karon NM, Dow RW. Is unplanned return to the operating room a useful quality indicator in general surgery? Arch Surg. 2001;136:405–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Dindo D, Clavien PA. Quality assessment in surgery: mission impossible? Patient Saf Surg. 2010;4:18.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniel Dindo MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dindo, D., Clavien, PA. (2014). Quality Assessment in Surgery: Mission Impossible?. In: Stahel, P., Mauffrey, C. (eds) Patient Safety in Surgery. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4369-7_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4369-7_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-4368-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-4369-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics