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Molecular Characteristics of Pediatric Ependymomas: A Systematic Review

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Abstract

The prognosis for patients diagnosed with ependymoma is relatively poor, with a 5-year overall survival rate of 24–75%. Currently, tumors are treated by surgical resection followed by radiotherapy, as resection is the most consistent prognostic marker (up to 80%). Therefore, there is a pressing need to improve our understanding of the biology of these tumors and to develop new therapeutic targets. The present work was a systematic review of the current molecular knowledge of pediatric ependymomas. From January 2000 to December 2017, we carried out a search using “MeSH” (Medical Subject Heading), and “free-text” protocols in the databases Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE (OVID platform), combining the terms chromosomal alterations, genetic changes, epigenetic changes, and protein expression changes. We selected articles with samples from pediatric patients and chose publications with complete clinical features. Only 33 articles met the criteria for a meta-analysis, suggested by the state of methylation and expression of a characteristic marker of pediatric ependymomas. We found a chromosomal alteration and one gene associated with survival; these are candidates for bad prognosis biomarkers.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the scholarship CVU 404762 granted from CONACYT and IMSS 011-2013 for the development of the student, and the postgrad program of Ciencias Biológicas, from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. We thank the research scholarship of IMSS Foundation A. C. given to Dr. Normand García Hernández. We thank the given support to Dr. Fabio A. Salamanca Gómez from Hospital de Pediatría “Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freund,” IMSS.

Funding

We are grateful for the funding provided by the CONACYT Sectoral Funds S0008-2010-1, 142013. We thank the FIS IMSS for the support FIS/IMSS/PROT/949, 2009-785-042 and R-2014-785-094.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría “Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freud,” Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtémoc, 06720, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    Monserrat Pérez-Ramírez & Normand García-Hernández

  2. Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Área Envejecimiento, CNM Siglo XXI, IMSS, Actualmente Comisionada en Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Regional núm. 1 Dr. Carlos MacGregor Sánchez Navarro, IMSS, Colonia Del Valle, Delegación, Benito Juárez, 03100, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    Teresa Juárez-Cedillo

  3. Neurocirugía Pediátrica, Hospital General “Dr. Gaudencio González Garza,” Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calzada Vallejo y Jacarandas S/N, Col. La Raza, Del. Azcapotzalco, 02980, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    Antonio García-Méndez

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  1. Monserrat Pérez-Ramírez
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Conceptualization by N.G.-H. and M.P.-R. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by M.P.-R., T.J.-C., A.G.-M., and N.G.-H. The first draft of the manuscript was written by M.P.-R. and T.J.-C., and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Supervision by N.G.-H. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Normand García-Hernández.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical Approval

The project was carried out under the authorization of the molecular biomarker search protocol for ependymal tumors in pediatric patients with registration number R-2014-785-094, at the Ethics Committee of National Ethics Commission from the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS. All data have been kept in strict confidentiality.

Informed Consent

The tests were carried out following the rules established in the Helsinki agreement. All participants were duly informed and provided their written consent for each of the procedures.

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Pérez-Ramírez, M., Juárez-Cedillo, T., García-Méndez, A. et al. Molecular Characteristics of Pediatric Ependymomas: A Systematic Review. SN Compr. Clin. Med. 1, 861–868 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-019-00147-5

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