Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A kind of novel RSAR protocol for mobile vehicular Ad hoc network

  • Regular Paper
  • Published:
CCF Transactions on Networking

Abstract

MVANET (Mobile Vehicular Ad hoc Network) as one part of Mobile Vehicular Ad hoc Network (MANET) has the feature: unreliable communication link and frequent change of network topology. In order to improve the communication link reliability and efficient routing, a kind of novel RSAR (rewarding smart Ad hoc routing) protocol for Mobile Vehicular Ad hoc Network is presented in this paper. Based on our suggested model, the reliability of the communication link is assessed and design a novel routing protocol according to the strategy of deep learning. As a kind of machine learning approach, the D-Learning (Deep-Learning) algorithm can be helpful to get the reliable routing path. The advantage of the RSAR protocol is evaluated by the simulator and tests of the practical applications. The experimental results show that RSAR exhibits good results at a delivery rate, end-to-end delay and average hops compared with SLBF, QLAODV and GPSR.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbasi, I.A., Nazir, B., Abbasi, A., Bilal, S.M., Madani, S.A., A traffic flow-oriented routing protocol for VANETs, Eurasip J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. 2014(121), 1–14 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1499-2014-121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abboud, K., Zhuang, W.H.: Stochastic Analysis of a single-hop communication link in vehicular Ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 15(5), 2297–2307 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, L.S.: An adaptive cooperative caching strategy (ACCS) for mobile Ad hoc networks. Knowl. Based Syst. 120(15), 133–172 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Sultan, S., Al-Doori, M.M., Al-Bayatti, A.H., Zedan, H.: A comprehensive survey on vehicular Ad hoc network. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 37(1), 380–392 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beaulieu, N.C., Xie, Q.: An optimal lognormal approximation to lognormal sum distributions. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 53(2), 479–489 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, X.Q., Li, L., Zhang, Y.: A markov model for headway/spacing distribution of road traffic. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 11(4), 773–785 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C., Cui, Y.Y.: New Method of Energy Efficient Subcarrier Allocation Based on Evolutionary Game Theory, Mobile Netw. Appl. 2018(9), 1–10. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-018-1123-y

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, L., Panichpapiboon, S.: Effects of intervehicle spacing distributions on connectivity of VANET: a case study from measured highway traffic. IEEE Commun. Mag 50(10), 90–97 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darwish, T.S.J., Abu Bakar, K., Haseeb, K.: Reliable intersection-based traffic aware routing protocol for Urban areas vehicular Ad hoc networks. IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Mag. 10(1), 60–73 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eiza, M.H., Ni, Q.: An evolving graph-based reliable routing scheme for VANETs. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 62(4), 1493–1504 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukushima, M.: The latest trend of v2x driver assistance systems in Japan. Comput. Netw. Int. J. Comput. Telecommun. Netw. 55(14), 3134–3141 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao, J.X., Liu, X.H.: Novel approach of distributed & adaptive trust metrics for MANET. Wirel. Netw. 3, 1–17 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-019-01955-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamed, F.: Hybrid cost and time path planning for multiple autonomous guided vehicles. Appl. Intell. 48(2), 482–498 (2018)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Jerbi, M., Senouci, S.M., Rasheed, T., Ghamri-Doudane, Y.: Towards efficient geographic routing in Urban vehicular networks. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 58(9), 5048–5059 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khasawneh, A., Bin Abd Latiff, M.S., Kaiwartya, O., Chizari, H.: A reliable energy-efficient pressure-based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor network. Wirel. Netw. 24(6), 2061–2075 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lalitha, V., Rajesh, R.S.: AODV_RR: a maximum transmission range based Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing in MANET. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 78(1), 491–506 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leung, R., Liu, J.L., Poon, E., Baochun, L.: MP-DSR: a QoS-aware multi-path dynamic source routing protocol for wireless ad-hoc networks. In: Proceedings of LCN 2001. 26th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, pp. 132–41, 2001

  • Li, C.L., Chen, Y., Han, X.L., Zhu, L.N., A self-adaptive and link-aware beaconless forwarding protocol for VANETs, Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. 2015(8), 1–12 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/757269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, R., Li, F., Li, X., Wang, Y.: QGrid: Q-learning based routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC), pp. 1–8, 2014

  • Liang, J.W., Ma, M.D.: A filter model for intrusion detection system in vehicle Ad hoc networks: a hidden Markov methodology, Knowl. Based Syst. 2018(9):1–12 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2018.09.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, S.: Novel unequal clustering routing protocol considering energy balancing based on network partition and distance for mobile education. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 88(15), 1–9 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2017.03.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, S.: Novel dynamic source routing protocol (DSR) based on genetic algorithm-bacterial foraging optimization (GA-BFO). Int. J. Commun Syst 31(18), 1–20 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.3824

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, S.: Dynamic analysis for the average shortest path length of mobile Ad hoc networks under random failure scenarios. IEEE Access 7, 21343–21358 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2896699

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J.Q., Wan, J.F., Wang, Q.R., Deng, P., Zhou, K.L., Qiao, Y.P.: A survey on position-based routing for vehicular Ad hoc networks. Telecommun. Syst. 62(1), 15–30 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J.Z., Pan, H., Zhang, J.B., Zhang, Q., Zheng, Q.S.: Detecting bogus messages in vehicular Ad-hoc networks: an information fusion approach. In: Proceedings of China Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks (CWSN), pp. 191–200, 2018

  • Ma, Z.: Shadow detection of moving objects based on multisource information in internet of things. J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell. 29(3), 649–661 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Namboodiri, V., Gao, L.: Prediction-based routing for vehicular Ad hoc, networks. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 56(4), 2332–2345 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Niu, H.L.: novel PEECR-based clustering routing approach. Soft. Comput. 21(24), 7313–7323 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panichpapiboon, S., Ferrari, G., Tonguz, O.K.: Connectivity of Ad hoc wireless networks: an alternative to graph-theoretic approaches. Wirel. Netw. 16(3), 793–811 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pascoe-Chalke, M., Gomez, J., Rangel, V., Lopez-Guerrero, M.: Route duration modeling for mobile ad-hoc networks. Wirel. Netw. 16(3), 743–757 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qin, X.Y., Wang, X.M., Lin, X.G., Wang, L., Zhang, L.C.: An efficient routing algorithm based on interest similarity and trust relationship between users in opportunistic networks. In: Proceedings of China Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks (CWSN), pp. 273–284, 2018

  • Seredynski, M., Bouvry, P.: A survey of vehicular-based cooperative traffic information systems, In: Conference Record—IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, pp 163–168, 2011

  • Sohail, M., Wang, L.M., Bushra, Y: Trust model based uncertainty analysis between multi-path routes in MANET using subjective logic. In: Proceedings of China Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks(CWSN), pp. 319–332, 2018

  • Song, G.G., Qu, G.L., Ma, Q., Zhang, X., Improved energy efficient adaptive clustering routing algorithm for WSN. In: Proceedings of China Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks (CWSN), pp. 74–85, 2018

  • Sujoy, R., Andrei, S.: The multi-depot split-delivery vehicle routing problem: model and solution algorithm. Knowl. Based Syst. 71(11), 238–265 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang, Y.M.: Novel reliable routing method for engineering of internet of vehicles based on graph theory. Eng. Comput. 36(1), 226–247 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toutouh, J., Garcia-Nieto, J., Alba, E.: Intelligent OLSR routing protocol optimization for VANETs. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 61(4), 1884–1894 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, X., Song, X.D.: New medical image fusion approach with coding based on SCD in wireless sensor network. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 10(6), 2384–2392 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, C.: V2X communication in Europe—from research projects towards standardization and field testing of vehicle communication technology. Comput. Netw. 55(14), 3103–3119 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, C., Kumekawa, K., Kato, T.: Distributed reinforcement learning approach for vehicular Ad hoc networks. Ieice Trans. Commun. E93B(6), 1431–1442 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, C., Ohzahata, S., Kato, T: Learning route from beaconing and interest dissemination in vehicular sensor networks. In: International Conference on Telecommunication Systems, Services, and Applications IEEE, pp. 49–54, 2011

  • Xue, F., Kumar, P.R.: The number of neighbors needed for connectivity of wireless networks. Wirel. Netw. 10(2), 169–181 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan, G.J., Olariu, S.: A probabilistic analysis of link duration in vehicular Ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 12(4), 1227–1236 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, X.D.: Design and implementation of embedded un-interruptible power supply system (EUPSS) for web-based mobile application. Enterprise Inform. Syst. 6(4), 473–489 (2012a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, D.G.: A new approach and system for attentive mobile learning based on seamless migration. Appl. Intell. 36(1), 75–89 (2012b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, T.: Novel self-adaptive routing service algorithm for application of VANET. Appl. Intell. 49(5), 1866–1879 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, T., Dong, Y.: Novel optimized link state routing protocol based on quantum genetic strategy for mobile learning. J. Netw. Comput. Appl 122, 37–49 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2018.07.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, D.G., Ge, H., Zhang, T.: New multi-hop clustering algorithm for vehicular Ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 20(4), 1517–1530 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2018.2853165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, D.G., Li, G., Zheng, K.: An energy-balanced routing method based on forward-aware factor for wireless sensor network. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inf. 10(1), 766–773 (2014b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, D.G., Wang, X., Song, X.D.: A novel approach to mapped correlation of ID for RFID anti-collision. IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput. 7(4), 741–748 (2014a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, T., Zhang, J.: A kind of effective data aggregating method based on compressive sensing for wireless sensor network. EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw 159, 1–15 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-018-1176-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, K., Zhang, T.: A novel multicast routing method with minimum transmission for WSN of cloud computing service. Soft. Comput. 19(7), 1817–1827 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng, K., Zhao, D.X.: Novel quick start (QS) method for optimization of TCP. Wirel. Netw. 22(1), 211–222 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, S.: A low duty cycle efficient MAC protocol based on self-adaption and predictive strategy. Mob. Netw. Appl. 23(4), 828–839 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, Y.N.: A new constructing approach for a weighted topology of wireless sensor networks based on local-world theory for the internet of things (IOT). Comput. Math. Appl. 64(5), 1044–1055 (2012)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, L.N., Li, C.L.: Geographic routing in multilevel scenarios of vehicular Ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 66(12), 7740–7753 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, L.N., Li, C.L., Wang, Y., Luo, Z., Liu, Z., Li, B.B., Wang, X.B.: On stochastic analysis of greedy routing in vehicular networks. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 16(6), 1–14 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, Y.N., Liu, S.: Multi-radio multi-channel (MRMC) resource optimization method for wireless mesh network. J. Inform. Sci. Eng. 32(2), 501–519 (2016)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61571328), Tianjin Key Natural Science Foundation (No.18JCZDJC96800), CSC Foundation (No. 201308120010), Major projects of science and technology in Tianjin (No.15ZXDSGX00050), Training plan of Tianjin University Innovation Team (No.TD12-5016, No.TD13-5025), Major projects of science and technology for their services in Tianjin (No.16 ZXFWGX00010, No.17YFZC GX00360), Training plan of Tianjin 131 Innovation Talent Team (No. TD2015-23).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Computer Vision and System and (Tianjin University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300384, China

    De-gan Zhang, Xiao-huan Liu, Yu-ya Cui, Lu Chen & Ting Zhang

  2. Tianjin Key Lab of Intelligent Computing and Novel Software Technology, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China

    De-gan Zhang, Xiao-huan Liu, Yu-ya Cui, Lu Chen & Ting Zhang

Authors
  1. De-gan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xiao-huan Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yu-ya Cui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lu Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ting Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yu-ya Cui.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Author De-gan Zhang, Xiao-huan Liu, Yu-ya Cui, Lu Chen and Ting Zhang declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, Dg., Liu, Xh., Cui, Yy. et al. A kind of novel RSAR protocol for mobile vehicular Ad hoc network. CCF Trans. Netw. 2, 111–125 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42045-019-00019-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42045-019-00019-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation