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Quantification of Runoff as Influenced by Morphometric Characteristics in a Rural Complex Catchment

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Abstract

This study addresses the critical scientific question of assessing the relationship between morphometric features and the hydrological factors that increase the risk of flooding in Kelantan River basin, Malaysia. Two hypotheses were developed to achieve this aim, namely: the alternate hypothesis (runoff, is influenced by morphometric characteristics in the study watershed) and the null hypothesis (runoff is not influenced by morphometric characteristics). First, the watershed was delineated into four major catchments, namely: Galas, Pergau, Lebir, and Nenggiri. Next, quantitative morphometric characters such as linear aspects, areal aspects, and relief aspects were determined on each of these catchments. Furthermore, HEC–HMS and flood response analyses were employed to simulate the hydrological response of the catchments. From the results of morphometric analysis, profound spatial changes were observed between runoff features of Kelantan River and the morphometric characteristics. The length of overflow that was related to drainage density and constant channel maintenance was found to be 0.12 in Pergau, 0.04 in both Nenggiri and Lebir, and 0.03 in Galas. Drainage density as influenced by geology and vegetation density was found to be low in all the catchments (0.07–0.24). Results of hydrological response indicated that Lebir, Nenggiri, Galas, and Pergau recorded a flood response factor of 0.75, 0.63, 0.40, and 0.05, respectively. Therefore, Lebir and Nenggiri are more likely to be flooded during a rainstorm. There was no clear indication with regard to the catchment that emerged as the most prevailing in all the morphological features. Hence, the alternate hypothesis was affirmed. This study can be replicated in other catchments with different hydrologic setup.

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Acknowledgements

The Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia is highly acknowledged for providing Grants used in this research. The support of the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) Ampang for providing hydrological data and the Department of Agriculture for land use, geology, and soil maps is highly appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Jabir Haruna Abdulkareem, Wan Nor Azmin Sulaiman & Nor Rohaizah Jamil

  2. Department of Soil Science, Institute for Agricultural Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria

    Jabir Haruna Abdulkareem

  3. School of Systems, Management and Leadership, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia

    Biswajeet Pradhan

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  1. Jabir Haruna Abdulkareem
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Correspondence to Biswajeet Pradhan.

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Abdulkareem, J.H., Pradhan, B., Sulaiman, W.N.A. et al. Quantification of Runoff as Influenced by Morphometric Characteristics in a Rural Complex Catchment. Earth Syst Environ 2, 145–162 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-018-0043-0

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