Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Persistent Organic Pollutants in Biotic and Abiotic Components of Antarctic Pristine Environment

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Earth Systems and Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Over the past decades, research in Antarctica has built a new understanding of Antarctica, its past, present and future. Human activities and long-range pollutants are increasing on the Antarctic continent. Research on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been carried out internationally by several countries having their permanent research stations to explain the impact of an ever increasing range of POPs in Antarctic ecosystem. POPs have been detected in Antarctica despite its geographical isolation and almost complete absence of human settlements. The presence of POPs in different abiotic (atmosphere, water bodies, sediments, soil, sea ice) and biotic components (mosses, lichens, krill, penguins, skua, etc.) in Antarctica has been studied and documented around for decades and has either been banned or strictly regulated but is still found in the environment. This review focuses on recent research pertaining to sources and occurrence of POPs in Antarctic lake water, soil, sediment, lichen, mosses and other Antarctic marine community. This review also proposes to summarize the current state of research on POPs in Antarctica environment and draw the earliest conclusions on possible significance of POPs in Antarctica based on presently available information from related Antarctic environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdel-Shafy HI, Mansour MSM (2016) A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: source, environmental impact, effect on human health and remediation. Egypt J Pet 25:107–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aislabie A, Balks M, Astori N, Stevenson G, Symons R (1999) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fuel-oil contaminated soils, Antarctica. Chemosphere 39:2201–2207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armitage JM, Quinn CL, Wania F (2011) Global climate change and contaminants-an overview of opportunities and priorities for modelling the potential implications for long-term human exposure to organic compounds in the Arctic. J Environ Monit 13:1532–1546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashraf MA, Yusoff I, Yusof M, Alias Y (2013) Study of contaminant transport at an open-tipping waste disposal site. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20(7):4689–4710

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balbus JM, Boxall AB, Fenske RA, McKone TE, Zeise L (2013) Implications of global climate change for the assessment and management of human health risks of chemicals in the natural environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 32:62–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bard SM (1999) Global transport of anthropogenic contaminants and the consequences for the Arctic marine ecosystem. Mar Pollut Bull 38:356–379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bargagli R (2006) Antarctic ecosystems: environmental contamination, climate change, and human impact. Springer Science & Business Media 175

  • Barrie LA, Gregor D, Hargrave B, Lake R, Muir D, Shearer R, Tracey B, Bidleman T (1992) Arctic contaminants: sources, occurrence and pathways. Sci Total Environ 122:1–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrientos-Diaz L, Gidekel M, Gutierrez-Moraga A (2008) Characterization of rhizospheric bacteria isolated from Deschampsia antarctica Desv. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 24:2289–2296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bengtson Nash SM, Poulsen AH, Kawaguchi S, Vetter W, Schlabach M (2008) Persistent organohalogen contaminant burdens in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) from the eastern Antarctic sector: a baseline study. Sci Total Environ 407:304–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bharti PK, Niyogi UK (2015) Assessment of pollution in a freshwater Lake at Fisher Island, Larsemann Hills over East Antarctica. Sci Intern 3:25–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bidleman TF, Walla MD, Roura R, Carr E, Schmidt S (1993) Organochlorine pesticides in the atmosphere of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, 1990. Mar Pollut Bull 26:258–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borghini F, Grimalt JO, Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Bargagli R (2005) Organochlorine pollutants in soils and mosses from Victoria Land (Antarctica). Chemosphere 58:271–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breivik K, Sweetman A, Pacyna JM, Jones KC (2007) Towards a global historical emission inventory for selected PCB congeners-A mass balance approach: 3 An update. Sci Total Environ 377:296–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bustnes JO, Tveraa T, Henden JA, Varpe Ø, Janssen K, Skaare JU (2006) Organochlorines in Antarctic and Arctic Avian top predators: a comparison between the South Polar Skua and two species of Northern Hemisphere Gulls. Environ Sci Technol 40:2826–2831

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabrerizo A, Dachs J, Barceló D, Jones KC (2012) Influence of Organic matter content and human activities on the occurrence of organic pollutants in Antarctic Soils, Lichens, Grass, and Mosses. Environ Sci Technol 46:1396–1405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabrerizo A, Malagón CG, Vento SD, Dachs J (2014) Sources and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean atmosphere. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 28:1424–1436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cary SC, McDonald IR, Barrett JE, Cowan DA (2010) On the rocks: the microbiology of Antarctic Dry Valley soils. Nat Rev Microbiol 8:129–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chauhan A, Bharti PK, Goyal P, Verma A, Jindal T (2015a) Psychrophilic pseudomonas in Antarctic freshwater lake at stornes peninsula, larsemann hills over east Antarctica. Earth Environ Sci 4:582

    Google Scholar 

  • Chauhan A, Goyal P, Varma A, Jindal T (2015b) Microbiological evaluation of drinking water sold by roadside vendors of Delhi. Appl Water Sci, India. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0315-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiuchiolo AL, Dickhut RM, Cochran MA, Ducklow HW (2004) Persistent organic pollutants at the base of the Antarctic Marine Food Web. Environ Sci Technol 38:3551–3557

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choi SD, Baek SY, Chang YS, Wania F, Ikonomou MG, Yoon YJ, Park BK, Hong S (2008) Passive air sampling of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides at the Korean Arctic and Antarctic Research stations: implications for long-range transport and local pollution. Environ Sci Technol 42:7125–7131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cipro CVZ, Yogui GT, Bustamante P, Taniguchi S, Sericano JL, Montone RC (2011) Organic pollutants and their correlation with stable isotopes in vegetation from king George Island, Antarctica. Chemosphere 85:393–398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corsolini S, Romeo T, Ademollo N, Greco S, Focardi S (2002) POPs in key species of marine Antarctic ecosystem. Microchem J 73:187–193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corsolini S, Covaci A, Ademollo N, Focardi S, Schepens P (2006) Occurrence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and their enantiomeric signatures, and concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the Adelie penguin food web, Antarctica. Environ Pollut 140:371–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corsolini S, Borghesi N, Schiamone A, Focardi S (2007) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins, -furans, and -biphenyls in three species of Antarctic Penguins. Environ Sci Pollut Res 14:421–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corsolini S, Borghesi N, Ademollo N, Focardi S (2011) Chlorinated biphenyls and pesticides in migrating and resident seabirds from East and West Antarctica. Environ Int 37:1329–1335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crockett AB, White GJ (2003) Mapping sediment contamination and toxicity in Winter Quarters Bay, Mcmurdo Station, Antarctica. Environ Monit Assess 85:257–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curtosi A, Pelletier E, Vodopivez CL, Mac Cormack WP (2007) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and surface marine sediment near Jubany Station (Antarctica). Role of permafrost as a low-permeability barrier. Sci Total Environ 383:193–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalla Valle M, Codato E, Marcomini A (2007) Climate change influence on POPs distribution and fate: a case study. Chemosphere 67:1287–1295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickhut RM, Cincinelli A, Cochran M, Ducklow HW (2005) Atmospheric concentrations and air-water flux of organochlorine pesticides along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Environ Sci Technol 39:465–470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finizio A, Di Guardo A, Cartmale L (1998) Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) and their effects on biodiversity: an overview of the atmospheric pathways of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and suggestions for future studies. Environ Monit Assess 49:327–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuoco R, Colombini MP, Ceccarini A, Abete C (1996) Polychlorobiphenyls in Antarctica. Microchem J 54:384–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuoco R, Giannarelli S, Wei Y, Abete C, Francesconi S, Termine M (2005) Polychlorobiphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sea-surface micro-layer and the water column at Gerlache Inlet, Antarctica. J Environ Monit 7:1313–1319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuoco R, Giannarelli S, Wei Y, Ceccarini A, Abete C, Francesconi S, Termine M (2009) Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at Ross Sea (Antarctica). Microchem J 92:44–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gambaro A, Manodori L, Zangrando R, Cincinelli A, Capodaglio G, Cescon P (2005) Atmospheric PCB concentrations at Terra Nova Bay, Antartica. Environ Sci Technol 39:9406–9411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geisz HN, Dickhut RM, Cochran MA, Fraser WR, Ducklow HW (2008) Melting glaciers: a probable source of DDT to the Antarctic marine ecosystem. Environ Sci Technol 42:3958–3962

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goerke H, Weber K, Bornemann H, Ramdohr S, Plotz J (2004) Increasing levels and biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Antarctic biota. Mar Pollut Bullet 48:295–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg ED (1975) Synthetic organo-halides in the sea. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 189:277–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gusev A, Matthew M, Bartlett P (2012) Intercontinental transport of persistent organic pollutants: a review of key findings and recommendations of the task force on hemispheric transport of air pollutants and directions for future research. Atmos Pollut Res 3:463–465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hale RC, Kim SL, Harvey E, La-Guardia MJ, Mainor TM, Bush EO, Jacobs EM (2008) Antarctic research bases: local sources of polybrominated diphenlyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants. Environ Sci Technol 42:1452–1457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hund AJ (2014) Antarctica and the Arctic Circle: a geographic encyclopedia of the Earth’s polar regions. Santa Barbara 2:ABC-CLIO

  • IPCC (2011) Summary for policymakers (SPM) third assessment report of working group I of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, Shanghai

  • Iwata H, Tanabe S, Sakai N, Tatsukawa R (1993) Distribution of persistent organochlorines in the oceanic air and surface seawater and the role of ocean on their global transport and fate. Environ Sci Technol 27:1080–1098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacob J (2013) A review of the accumulation and distribution of persistent organic pollutants in the environment. Int J Biosci Biochem Bioinform 3:657

    Google Scholar 

  • Kallenborn R (2006) Persistent organic pollutants (POPS) as environmental risk factors in remote high-altitude ecosystems. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 63:100–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kallenborn R, Breivik K, Eckhardt S, Lunder CR, Manø S, Schlabach M, Stohl A (2013) Long-term monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at the Norwegian Troll station in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Atmos Chem Phys 13:6983–6992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kannan N, Tanabe S, Tatsukawa R (1998) Toxic potential of non-ortho and mono-ortho coplanar PCBs in commercial PCB preparations: 2,3,7, 8-T4CDD toxicity equivalence factors approach. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 41:267–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim M, Kennicutt MC, Qian Y (2006) Molecular and stable carbon isotopic characterization of PAH contaminants at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Mar Pollut Bull 52:1585–1590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klanova J, Matykiewiczova N, Macka Z, Prosek P, Laska K, Klan P (2008) Persistent organic p ollutants in soils and sediments from James ROSS Island, Antarctica. Environ Pollut 152:416–423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar KS, Kannan K, Corsolini S, Evans T, Giesy JP, Nakanishi J, Masunaga S (2002) Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in polar bear, penguin and south polar skua. Environ Pollut 119:151–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kusangaya S, Warburton ML, Archer van Garderen E, Jewitt GPW (2014) Impacts of climate change on water resources in southern Africa: a review. Phys Chem Earth 67–69:47–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lakaschus S, Weber K, Wania F, Bruhn R, Schrems O (2002) The air-sea equilibrium and time trend of hexachlorocyclohexanes in the Atlantic Ocean between the Arctic and Antarctica. Environ Sci Technol 36:138–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larsson P, Järnmark C, Sodergren A (1992) PCBs and chlorinated pesticides in the atmosphere and aquatic organisms of Ross Island, Antarctica. Mar Pollut Bull 25:281–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee DH, Steffes MW, Sjödin A, Jones RS, Needham LL, Jacobs DR Jr (2011) Low dose organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls predict obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance among people free of diabetes. PLoS One 6(1):e15977. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Legrand M, Mayewski P (1997) Glaciochemistry of polar ice cores: a review. Rev Geophys 35:219–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerche D, Van de Plassche E, Swegler A, Balk F (2002) Selecting chemical substances foe the UN-ECE POP Protocol. Chemosphere 47:617–630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Geng D, Liu F, Wang T, Wang P, Zhang Q, Jiang G (2012) Study of PCBs and PBDEs in King George Island, Antarctica, using PUF passive air sampling. Atmos Environ 51:140–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lind PM, Orberg J, Edlund UB, Sjöblom L, Lind L (2004) The dioxin like pollutant PCB 126 (3,31,4,41,5-pentachlorobiphenyl) affects risk factors for cardiovascular disease in female rats. Toxicol Lett 150:293–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma J, Hung H, Blanchard P (2004) How do climate fluctuations affect persistent organic pollutant distribution in North America? Evidence from a decade of air monitoring. Environ Sci Technol 38:2538–2543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma J, Hung H, Tian C, Kallenborn R (2011) Revolatilization of persistent organic pollutants in the Arctic induced by climate change. Nat Clim Change 1:255–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald RW, Barrie LA, Bidleman TF, Diamond ML, Gregor DJ, Semkin RG, Strachan WMJ, Li YF, Wania F, Alaee M, Alexeeva LB, Backus SM, Bailey R, Bewers JM, Gobeil C, Halsall CJ, Harner T, Hoff JT, Jantunen LMM, Lockhart WL, Mackay D, Muir DCG, Pudykiewicz J, Reimer KJ, Smith JN, Stern GA, Schroeder WH, Wagemann R, Yunker MB (2000) Contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: 5 years of progress in understanding sources, occurrence and pathways. Sci Total Environ 254:93–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macdonald RW, Harner T, Fyfe J (2005) Recent climate change in the Arctic and its impact on contaminant pathways and interpretation of temporal trend data. Sci Total Environ 342:5–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mackenzie AS, Brassell SC, Enlington G, Maxwell JR (1982) Chemical fossils: the geological fate of steroids. Science 217:491–504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martins CC, Bicego MC, Taniguchi S, Montone RC (2004) Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Antarct Sci 16:117–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazzera D, Hayes T, Lowenthal D, Zielinska B (1999) Quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Sci Total Environ 229:65–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McBean G, Ajibade I (2009) Climate change, related hazards and human settlements. Curr Opin Environ Sust 1:179–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKone TE, Daniels JI, Goldman M (1996) Uncertainties in the link between global climate change and predicted health risks from pollution: hexachlorobenzene (HCB) case study using a fugacity model. Risk Anal 16:377–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meijer SN, Steiness E, Ockenden WA, Jones KC (2002) Influence of environmental variables on the spatial distribution of PCBs in Norwegian and U.K. Soils: implications for global cycling. Environ Sci Technol 36:2146–2153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moe SJ, De Schamphelaere K, Clements WH, Sorensen MT, Van den Brink PJ, Liess M (2013) Combined and interactive effects of global climate change and toxicants on populations and communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 32:49–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montone RC, Taniguchi S, Sericano JL, Weber RR, Lara WH (2001a) Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in Antarctic macroalgae “Desmaretia sp”. Sci Total Environ 277:181–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montone RC, Taniguchi S, Weber RR (2001b) Polychlorinated biphenyls in marine sediments of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Mar Pollut Bull 42:611–614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montone RC, Taniguchi S, Weber RR (2003) PCBs in the atmosphere of King George Island, Antarctica. Sci Total Environ 308:167–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montone RC, Taniguchi S, Boian C, Weber RR (2005) PCBs and chlorinated pesticides (DDTs, HCHs and HCB) in the atmosphere of the southwest Atlantic and Antarctic oceans. Mar Pollut Bull 50:778–782

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montone RC, Taniguchi S, Colabuono FI, Martins CC, Cipro CVZ, Barroso HS, Silva JD, Bicego MC, Weber RR (2016) Persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in penguins of the genus Pygoscelis in Admiralty Bay-An Antarctic specially managed area. Mar Pollut Bull 106:377–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mwangi JK, Lee WJ, Wang LC, Sung PJ, Fang LS, Lee YY, Chien GPC (2016) Persistent organic pollutants in the Antarctic coastal environment and their bioaccumulation in penguins. Environ Pollut 216:924–934

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nadal M, Marquès M, Mari M, Domingo JL (2015) Climate change and environmental concentrations of POPs: a review. Environ Res 143:177–185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nash SB (2011) Persistent organic pollutants in Antarctica: current and future research priorities. J Environ Monit 13:497–504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Negoita TG, Covaci A, Gheorghe A, Schepens P (2003) Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides in soils from the East Antarctic coast. J Environ Monit 5:281–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Negri A, Burns K, Boyle S, Brinkman D, Webster N (2006) Contamination in sediments, bivalves and sponges of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Environ Pollut 143:456–467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noyes PD, McElwee MK, Miller HD, Clark BW, Van Tiem LA, Walcott KC, Erwin KN, Levin ED (2009) The toxicology of climate change: environmental contaminants in a warming world. Environ Int 35:971–986

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park H, Lee SH, Kim M, Kim JH, Lim HS (2010) Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in soils and lichens from king George Island, South Shetland Island, Antarctica. Antarct Sci 22(01):31–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Penell J, Lind L, Salihovic S, van Bavel B, Lind PM (2014) Persistent organic pollutants are related to the change in circulating lipid levels during a 5 year follow-up. Environ Res 134:190–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piazza R, Gambaro A, Argiriadis E, Vecchiato M, Zambon S, Cescon P, Barbante C (2013) Development of a method for simultaneous analysis of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, PBDEs, PCNs and PAHs in Antarctic air. Anal Bioanal Chem 405(2–3):917–932

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pozo K, Corsolini S, Cincielli A, Martellini T, Harner T, Kukucka P, Klanova J, Barra R, Mulder MD, Lammel G (2014) Persistent organic pollutants in the atmosphere of two Antarctic zones (Antarctic Peninsula and Ross sea) using passive air samplers (PUF disks). Organohalogen Compd 76:1047–1050

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramdahl TR (1983) A molecular marker of wood combustion in ambient air. Nature 306:580–582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Risebrough RW, De Lappe BW, Younghans-Haug C (1990) PCB and PCT contamination in Winter Quarters Bay, Antarctica. Mar Pollut Bull 21:523–529

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritter L, Solomon KR, Forget J, Stemeroff M, O’leary C (1995) A review of selected persistent organic pollutants. Int Program Chem Saf PCS/95.39

  • Simonich SL, Hites RA (1995) Global distribution of persistent organochlorine compounds. Science 269:1851–1854

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanabe S, Hidaka H, Tatsukawa R (1983) PCBs and chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in Antarctic atmosphere and hydrosphere. Chemosphere 12:277–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taniguchi S, Montone RC, Bícego MC, Colabuono FI, Weber RR, Sericano JL (2008) Chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the fat tissue of seabirds from King George Island, Antarctica. Mar Poll Bull 58:129–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teran T, Lamon L, Marcomini A (2012) Climate change effects on POPs’ environmental behaviour: a scientific perspective for future regulatory actions. Atmos Pollut Res 3:466–476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) Chemicals (2002) Regionally based assessment of persistent toxic substances—Antarctica. Global environment facility. Chatelaine, Chatelaine, p 86

    Google Scholar 

  • Van den Brink NW, Riddle MJ, Van den Heuvel-Greve M, VanFraneker JA (2011) Contrasting time trends of organic contaminants in Antarctic pelagic and benthic food webs. Mar Pollut Bull 62:128–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vecchiato M, Argiriadis E, Zambon S, Barbante C, Toscano G, Gambaro A, Piazza R (2015a) Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Antarctica: occurrence in continental and coastal surface snow. Microchem J 119:75–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vecchiato M, Zambon S, Argiriadis E, Barbante C, Gambaro A, Piazza R (2015b) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Antarctic ice-free areas: influence of local sources on lakes and soils. Microchem J 120:26–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vincenti M, Maurino V, Minero C, Pelizzetti E (2001) Detection of nitro-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Antarctic airborne particulate. Intern J Environ Anal Chem 79:257–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang P, Zhang Q, Wang T, Chen W, Ren D, Li Y, Jiang G (2012) PCBs and PBDEs in environmental samples from King George Island and Ardley Island, Antarctica. Rsc Adv 2:1350–1355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang P, Li Y, Zhang Q, Yang Q, Zhang L, Liu F, Fu J, Meng W, Wang D, Sun H, Zheng S, Hao Y, Liang Y, Jiang G (2017) Three-year monitoring of atmospheric PCBs and PBDEs at the Chinese Great Wall Station, West Antarctica: levels, chiral signature, environmental behaviors and source implication. Atmos Environ 150:407–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wania F, Mackay D (1996) Peer reviewed: tracking the distribution of persistent organic pollutants. Environ Sci Technol 309:390A–396A

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wania F, Mackay D, Hoff JT (1999) The importance of snow scavenging of polychlorinated biphenyl and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon vapors. Environ Sci Technol 33:195–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber K, Goerke H (1996) Organochlorine compounds in fish off the Antarctic Peninsula. Chemosphere 33:377–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolschke H, Meng XZ, Xie Z, Ebinghaus R, Cai M (2015) Novel flame retardants (N-FRs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in fish, penguin, and skua from King George Island, Antarctica. Mar Pollut Bull 96:513–518

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Dickhut R, Demaster D, Pohl K, Lohmann R (2013) Organochlorine pollutants in western Antarctic peninsula sediments and benthic deposit feeders. Environ Sci Technol 47:5643–5651

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Q, Chen Z, Li Y, Wang P, Zhu C, Gao G, Xiao K, Sun H, Zheng S, Liang Y, Jiang G (2015) Occurrence of organochlorine pesticides in the environmental matrices from King George Island, West Antarctica. Environ Pollut 206:142–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to NCAOR (National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research) and Ministry of Earth Sciences for our participation in 34th and 35th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Centre for Antarctic Research and Studies, Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management AIETSM, Amity University, J-1, G-20, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Laxmikant Bhardwaj, Abhishek Chauhan, Anuj Ranjan & Tanu Jindal

Authors
  1. Laxmikant Bhardwaj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Abhishek Chauhan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Anuj Ranjan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tanu Jindal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abhishek Chauhan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bhardwaj, L., Chauhan, A., Ranjan, A. et al. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Biotic and Abiotic Components of Antarctic Pristine Environment. Earth Syst Environ 2, 35–54 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-017-0032-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-017-0032-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation