Abstract
This study aimed to explore the rule of degradation of dietary proteins by identifying chyme proteins in different segments of the digestive tract of growing pigs, using proteomics techniques. Six growing pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet for 7 days. The feedstuff and chyme proteins were separately extracted and separated with SDS-PAGE. 2D LCMS/MS combined with protein database searching identified 1,513 proteins in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract, the number of identified exogenous proteins gradually decline from the stomach to colon, with large amounts in the duodenum to the large intestine. More corn proteins than soybean proteins were identified both in the feedstuff and chyme, and these were significantly decreased after digestion in the stomach. More membrane proteins than non-membrane proteins were identified in whole digestive tract. These results regarding the profiles of chyme proteins in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract would provide useful information for optimizing feed formula in pigs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akhunov, A.A., Golubenko, Z., Abdurashidova, N.A., Mustakimova, E.C., Ibragimov, F.A., and Mackessy, S. (2001). Comparative biochemistry of the physiologically active components of venom, hemolymphy, and eggs of the karakurt spider (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus). Chem Nat Compd 37, 562–565.
Asche, G.L., Lewis, A.J., and Peo, Jr., E.R. (1989a). Protein digestion in weanling pigs: effect of dietary protein source. J Nutr 119, 1093–1099.
Asche, G.L., Lewis, A.J., and Peo Jr., E.R. (1989b). Protein digestion in weanling pigs: effect of feeding regimen and endogenous protein secretion. J Nutr 119, 1083–1092.
Baxter, C.A., Joern, B.C., Ragland, D., Sands, J.S., and Adeola, O. (2003). Phytase, high-available-phosphorus corn, and storage effects on phosphorus levels in pig excreta. J Environ Qual 32, 1481–1489.
Cervantes-Pahm, S.K., and Stein, H.H. (2010). Ileal digestibility of amino acids in conventional, fermented, and enzyme-treated soybean meal and in soy protein isolate, fish meal, and casein fed to weanling pigs. J Animal Sci 88, 2674–2683.
Chaidez-Laguna, L.D., Torres-Chavez, P., Ramírez-Wong, B., Marquez-Ríos, E., Islas-Rubio, A.R., and Carvajal-Millan, E. (2016). Corn proteins solubility changes during extrusion and traditional nixtamalization for tortilla processing: a study using size exclusion chromatography. J Cereal Sci 69, 351–357.
Chen, P., Li, X., Sun, Y., Liu, Z., Cao, R., He, Q., Wang, M., Xiong, J., Xie, J., Wang, X., et al. (2006). Proteomic analysis of rat hippocampal plasma membrane: characterization of potential neuronal-specific plasma membrane proteins. J Neurochem 98, 1126–1140.
de Lange, C.F.M., Souffrant, W.B., and Sauer, W.C. (1990). Real ileal protein and amino acid digestibilities in feedstuffs for growing pigs as determined with the 15N-isotope dilution technique. J Animal Sci 68, 409–418.
Decuypere, J.A., Knockaert, P., and Henderickx, H.K. (1981). In vitro and in vivo protein digestion in pigs fed diets containing soybean protein isolates with different physical properties. J Animal Sci 53, 1297–1308.
Dilger, R.N., Sands, J.S., Ragland, D., and Adeola, O. (2004). Digestibility of nitrogen and amino acids in soybean meal with added soyhulls. J Animal Sci 82, 715–724.
Guan, G.P., Tan, B.E., Yao, K., Fang, J., He, G.Z., Li, T.J., Sun, H., and Yin, Y.L. (2016). Dynamic profiles of amino acids released from different nitrogen composited diets in the jejunum of pigs. J Animal Sci 94, 283–285.
He, L., Wu, L., Xu, Z., Li, T., Yao, K., Cui, Z., Yin, Y., and Wu, G. (2016). Low-protein diets affect ileal amino acid digestibility and gene expression of digestive enzymes in growing and finishing pigs. Amino Acids 48, 21–30.
Hong, K.J., Lee, C.H., and Kim, S.W. (2004). Aspergillus oryzae GB-107 fermentation improves nutritional quality of food soybeans and feed soybean meals. J Med Food 7, 430–435.
Laemmli, U.K. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227, 680–685.
Leibholz, J. (1982). The flow of endogenous nitrogen in the digestive tract of young pigs. Br J Nutr 48, 509–517.
Li, D.F., Nelssen, J.L., Reddy, P.G., Blecha, F., Klemm, R., and Goodband, R.D. (1991). Interrelationship between hypersensitivity to soybean proteins and growth performance in early-weaned pigs. J Animal Sci 69, 4062–4069.
Li, J.J., Yu, H., and Duan, Z.G. (2013). A sample preparation method for micro-scale membrane proteome analysis. Sample Prep 1, 28–37.
Li, X., Wang, W., and Chen, J. (2017). Recent progress in mass spectrometry proteomics for biomedical research. Sci China Life Sci 60, 1093–1113.
Libao-Mercado, A.J., Leeson, S., Langer, S., Marty, B.J., and de Lange, C. F.M. (2006). Efficiency of utilizing ileal digestible lysine and threonine for whole body protein deposition in growing pigs is reduced when dietary casein is replaced by wheat shorts. J Animal Sci 84, 1362–1374.
Libao-Mercado, A.J.O., Zhu, C.L., Cant, J.P., Lapierre, H., Thibault, J.N., Seve, B., Fuller, M.F., and de Lange, C.F.M. (2009). Dietary and endogenous amino acids are the main contributors to microbial protein in the upper gut of normally nourished pigs. J Nutr 139, 1088–1094.
NRC. (2012). Nutrient Requirements of Swine. Washington: National Academy Press.
Portejoie, S., Dourmad, J.Y., Martinez, J., and Lebreton, Y. (2004). Effect of lowering dietary crude protein on nitrogen excretion, manure composition and ammonia emission from fattening pigs. Livestock Product Sci 91, 45–55.
Reeds, P.J., Cadenhead, A., Fuller, M.F., Lobley, G.E., and McDonald, J.D. (1980). Protein turnover in growing pigs. Effects of age and food intake. Br J Nutr 43, 445–455.
Ren, W., Yin, J., Chen, S., Duan, J., Liu, G., Li, T., Li, N., Peng, Y., Tan, B., and Yin, Y. (2016). Proteome analysis for the global proteins in the jejunum tissues of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-infected piglets. Sci Rep 6, 25640.
Rezaei, R., Knabe, D.A., Tekwe, C.D., Dahanayaka, S., Ficken, M.D., Fielder, S.E., Eide, S.J., Lovering, S.L., and Wu, G. (2013a). Dietary supplementation with monosodium glutamate is safe and improves growth performance in postweaning pigs. Amino Acids 44, 911–923.
Rezaei, R., Wang, W., Wu, Z., Dai, Z., Wang, J., and Wu, G. (2013b). Biochemical and physiological bases for utilization of dietary amino acids by young pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 4, 7.
Rivest, J., Bernier, J.F., and Pomar, C. (2000). A dynamic model of protein digestion in the small intestine of pigs. J Animal Sci 78, 328–340.
Sarwar Gilani, G., Wu Xiao, C., and Cockell, K.A. (2012). Impact of antinutritional factors in food proteins on the digestibility of protein and the bioavailability of amino acids and on protein quality. Br J Nutr 108, S315–S332.
Schulze, H., van Leeuwen, P., Verstegen, M.W.A., and van den Berg, J.W. O. (1995). Dietary level and source of neutral detergent fiber and ileal endogenous nitrogen flow in pigs. J Animal Sci 73, 441–448.
Stein, H.H., Kim, S.W., Nielsen, T.T., and Easter, R.A. (2001). Standardized ileal protein and amino acid digestibility by growing pigs and sows.. J Animal Sci 79, 2113–2122.
Tan, B.E., Guan, G.P., Yao, K., Fang, J., Liu, Y.Y., Li, T.J., Sun, H., and Yin, Y.L. (2016). Profiles of amino acids released from different nitrogen composited diets in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. J Animal Sci 94, 276–278.
Toledo, J.B., Furlan, A.C., Pozza, P.C., Carraro, J., Moresco, G., Ferreira, S.L., and Gallego, A.G. (2014). Reduction of the crude protein content of diets supplemented with essential amino acids for piglets weighing 15 to 30 kilograms. R Bras Zootec 43, 301–309.
Van Barneveld, R.J., Batterham, E.S., and Norton, B.W. (1994). The effect of heat on amino acids for growing pigs. 2. Utilization of ileal-digestible lysine from heat-treated field peas (Pisum sativum cultivar Dundale). Br J Nutr 72, 243–256.
Wang, J., Li, D., Dangott, L.J., and Wu, G. (2006). Proteomics and its role in nutrition research. J Nutr 136, 1759–1762.
Xiong, X., Yang, H., Tan, B., Yang, C., Wu, M., Liu, G., Kim, S.W., Li, T., Li, L., Wang, J., et al. (2015). Differential expression of proteins involved in energy production along the crypt-villus axis in early-weaning pig small intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 309, G229–G237.
Xiong, Y., Tang, X., Meng, Q., and Zhang, H. (2016). Differential expression analysis of the broiler tracheal proteins responsible for the immune response and muscle contraction induced by high concentration of ammonia using iTRAQ-coupled 2D LC-MS/MS. Sci China Life Sci 59, 1166–1176.
Yin, Y., Huang, R., Li, T., Ruan, Z., Xie, M., Deng, Z., Hou, Y., and Wu, G. (2010). Amino acid metabolism in the portal-drained viscera of young pigs: effects of dietary supplementation with chitosan and pea hull. Amino Acids 39, 1581–1587.
Zeng, G.Q., Zhang, P.F., Deng, X., Yu, F.L., Li, C., Xu, Y., Yi, H., Li, M.Y., Hu, R., Zuo, J.H., et al. (2012). Identification of candidate biomarkers for early detection of human lung squamous cell cancer by quantitative proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 11, M111.013946.
Zhu, C.L., Rademacher, M., and de Lange, C.F.M. (2005). Increasing dietary pectin level reduces utilization of digestible threonine intake, but not lysine intake, for body protein deposition in growing pigs. J Animal Sci 83, 1044–1053.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2017JJ2307, 2016JJ4087), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31402091, 31330075, 31372326, 31672433, 31560640), State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University (SKLF-ZZB-201710) and International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (161343KYSB20160008).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, J., Tan, B., Tang, Y. et al. Extraction and identification of the chyme proteins in the digestive tract of growing pigs. Sci. China Life Sci. 61, 1396–1406 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-017-9356-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-017-9356-1