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Hierarchical porous carbon with high nitrogen content derived from plant waste (pomelo peel) for supercapacitor

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Abstract

The plant waste pomelo peels are used as carbon precursors to fabricate nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon. The sample PC600 is fabricated at mild calcination temperature of 600 °C, which has nitrogen content of as high as 4.47% and hierarchical pores with a BET surface area of 1104 m2 g−1. The symmetric supercapacitor based on PC600//PC600 electrodes exhibits excellent electrochemical performance benefiting from both the electric double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance of PC600. In 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte, this supercapacitor delivers gravimetric capacitance of 208.7 F g−1, volumetric capacitance of 219.3 F cm−3, and energy density of 7.3 Wh kg−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. Furthermore, the extraordinary energy density of 21.6 Wh kg−1 at 1 A g−1 and 17.1 Wh kg−1 at 20 A g−1 are obtained in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4) electrolyte. The suitable calcination process can make the contents of nitrogen atoms and pores structures in PC600 to achieve an optimal combination, leading to improved electrochemical performance.

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Acknowledgements

Authors appreciate financial support from the China Government 1000 Plan Talent Program, China MOE NCET Program, Natural Science Foundation of China (51322204), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20120111120009) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK2060140014, WK2060140017, 2013HGXJ0199, J2014HGXJ0092).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China

    Guangsheng Fu, Qiang Li, JunJian Han & Jiaqi Wang

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China

    Jianglin Ye & Yanwu Zhu

  3. NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA

    Lei Zhai

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  1. Guangsheng Fu
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  2. Qiang Li
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  3. Jianglin Ye
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  4. JunJian Han
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Correspondence to Qiang Li or Yanwu Zhu.

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Fu, G., Li, Q., Ye, J. et al. Hierarchical porous carbon with high nitrogen content derived from plant waste (pomelo peel) for supercapacitor. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 29, 7707–7717 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-8766-0

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