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Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, hair dye use, and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

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Abstract

Purpose

Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and hair dye use may both have a role in the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We aimed to examine the interaction between variants in DNA repair genes and hair dye use with risk of NHL in a population-based case–control study of Connecticut women.

Methods

We examined 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 16 DNA repair genes among 518 NHL cases and 597 controls and evaluated the associations between hair dye use and risk of overall NHL and common NHL subtypes, stratified by genotype, using unconditional logistic regression.

Results

Women who used hair dye before 1980 had a significantly increased risk of NHL, particularly for the follicular lymphoma (FL) subtype, but not for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The following genotypes in combination with hair dye use before 1980 were associated with FL risk: BRCA2 rs144848 AC+CC [odds ratio (OR) (95 % confidence interval (CI)) 3.28(1.27–8.50)], WRN rs1346044 TT [OR(95 % CI) 2.70(1.30–5.65)], XRCC3 rs861539 CT+TT [OR(95 % CI) 2.76(1.32–5.77)], XRCC4 rs1805377 GG [OR(95 % CI) 2.07(1.10–3.90)] and rs1056503 TT [OR(95 % CI) 2.17(1.16–4.07)], ERCC1 rs3212961 CC [OR(95 % CI) 1.93(1.00–3.72)], RAD23B rs1805329 CC [OR(95 % CI) 2.28(1.12–4.64)], and MGMT rs12917 CC, rs2308321 AA, and rs2308327 AA genotypes [OR(95 % CI) 1.96(1.06–3.63), 2.02(1.09–3.75), and 2.23(1.16–4.29), respectively]. In addition, a significant interaction with risk of overall NHL was observed between WRN rs1346044 and hair dye use before 1980 (p interaction = 0.032).

Conclusions

Our results indicated that genetic variation in DNA repair genes modifies susceptibility to NHL in relation to hair dye use, particularly for the FL subtype and in women who began using hair dye before 1980. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations.

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Abbreviations

NHL:

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

DLBCL:

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

FL:

Follicular lymphoma

MAF:

Minor allele frequency

CI:

Confidence interval

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Acknowledgments

This work was partly supported by National Cancer Institute grant CA62006 (Connecticut Women’s NHL Study, Yale University) and by Fogarty training grants D43TW 008323 and D43TW 007864-01 from the National Institutes of Health (T. Zheng). Certain data used in this study were obtained from the Connecticut Tumor Registry located in the Connecticut Department of Public Health. The author(s) assume(s) full responsibility for analyses and interpretation of these data. The cooperation of 28 Connecticut hospitals, including Charlotte Hungerford Hospital, Bridgeport Hospital, Danbury Hospital, Hartford Hospital, Middlesex Hospital, New Britain General Hospital, Bradley Memorial Hospital, Yale/New Haven Hospital, St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center, St. Mary’s Hospital, Hospital of St. Raphael, St. Vincent’s Medical Center, Stamford Hospital, William W. Backus Hospital, Windham Hospital, Eastern Connecticut Health Network, Griffin Hospital, Bristol Hospital, Johnson Memorial Hospital, Day Kimball Hospital, Greenwich Hospital, Lawrence and Memorial Hospital, Milford Hospital, New Milford Hospital, Norwalk Hospital, MidState Medical Center, John Dempsey Hospital, and Waterbury Hospital, in allowing patient access, is gratefully acknowledged.

Conflict of interest

The authors declared no potential competing financial interests.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA

    Huan Guo, Bryan A. Bassig, Yong Zhu, Yawei Zhang, Theodore R. Holford, Brian Leaderer, Qin Qin & Tongzhang Zheng

  2. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China

    Huan Guo

  3. National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Bryan A. Bassig, Qing Lan & Nathaniel Rothman

  4. International Prevention Research Institute, 95 Cours Lafayette, 69006, Lyon, France

    Peter Boyle

  5. West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Cairong Zhu

  6. Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China

    Ni Li

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  1. Huan Guo
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  2. Bryan A. Bassig
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Correspondence to Tongzhang Zheng.

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Guo, H., Bassig, B.A., Lan, Q. et al. Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, hair dye use, and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Causes Control 25, 1261–1270 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-014-0423-1

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