Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Neuroendoscopy for post-infective hydrocephalus in children

  • Special Annual Issue
  • Published:
Child's Nervous System Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The treatment of hydrocephalus has changed in recent years with better imaging and introduction of endoscopic procedures as well as enhanced shunts. Indications of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) are now more refined with better quantification of outcome. This article reviews the current state of neuroendoscopy for infective hydrocephalus in children. The roles of third ventriculostomy as a primary procedure or after shunt malfunction, endoscopic interventions in multiloculated hydrocephalus and introduction of intraventricular lavage to salvage severely infected children are evaluated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Akbari SH, Holekamp TF, Murphy TM, Mercer D, Leonard JR, Smyth MD, Park TS, Limbrick DD Jr (2015) Surgical management of complex multiloculated hydrocephalus in infants and children. Child Nerv Syst 31(2):243–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Albanese V, Tomasello F, Sampaolo S, Picozzi P (1982) Neuroradiological findings in multiloculated hydrocephalus. Actaneurochirurgica 60(3–4):297–311

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Andresen M, Juhler M (2012) Multiloculated hydrocephalus: a review of current problems in classification and treatment (2012). Child Nerv Syst 28(3):357–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bruwer GE, Van Der Westhuizen S, Lombard CJ, Schoeman JF (2004) Can CT predict the level of CSF block in tuberculous hydrocephalus? Child Nerv Syst 20:183–187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Chugh A, Husain M, Gupta RK, Ojha BK, Chandra A, Rastogi M (2009) Surgical outcome of tuberculous meningitis hydrocephalus treated by endoscopic third ventriculostomy: prognostic factors and postoperative neuroimaging for functional assessment of ventriculostomy. J Neurosurg Pediatr 3:371–377

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Cinalli G, Salazar C, Mallucci C, Yada JZ, Zerah M, Sainte-Rose C (1998) The role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the management of shunt malfunction. Neurosurgery 43:1323–1327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ciurea AV, Coman TC, Mircea D (2004) Postinfectious hydrocephalus in children. In: Cinalli G, Meixner W, Sainte-Rose C (eds) Pediatric Hydrocephalus. Springer-Verlag Italia, Milano, pp 201–218

    Google Scholar 

  8. Daoud AS, Omari H, al-Sheyyab M, Abuekteish F (1998) Indications and benefits of computer tomography in childhood bacterial meningitis. J Trop Pediatr 44:167–169

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. de Louvois J (1994) Acute bacterial meningitis in the newborn. J Antimicrob Chemother 34(Suppl A):61–73

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Deopujari CE, Karmarkar VS, Shaikh ST (2017) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy: success and failure. Korean Neurosurg Soc 60(3):306–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Di Rocco C, Cinalli G, Massimi L, Spennato P, Cianciulli E, Tamburrini G (2006) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the treatment of hydrocephalus in pediatric patients. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 31:171–173

    Google Scholar 

  12. Doctor BA, Newman N, Minich NM, Taylor HG, Fanaro AA, Hack M (2001) Clinical outcomes of neonatal meningitis in very low birthweight infant. Clin Pediatr 40:473–480

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Figaji AA, Fieggen AG (2013) Endoscopic challenges and applications in tuberculous meningitis. World Neurosurg 79(2 Suppl):S24.e9–S24.14

    Google Scholar 

  14. Figaji AA, Fieggen AG, Peter JC (2003) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in tuberculous meningitis. Childs Nerv Syst 19:217–225

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Figaji AA, Fieggen AG, Peter JC (2005) Air encephalography for hydrocephalus in the era of neuroendoscopy. Child Nerv Syst 21:559–565

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Fritsch MJ, Mehdorn M (2002) Endoscopic intraventricular surgery for treatment of hydrocephalus and loculated CSF space in children less than one year of age. Pediatr Neurosurg 36(4):183–188

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Gandhoke GS, Frassanito P, Chandra N, Ojha BK, Singh A (2013) Role of magnetic resonance ventriculography in multiloculated hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg Pediatr 11(6):697–703

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ghosh S, Chandy MJ (1992) Intrasellar tuberculoma. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 94:251–252

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Goel RK, Ahmad FU, Vellimana AK, Suri A, Chandra PS, Kumar R, Sharma BS, Mahapatra AK (2008) Endoscopic management of intraventricular neurocysticercosis. J Clin Neurosci 15:1096–1101

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Husain M, Jha DK, Rastogi M, Husain GRK (2005) Role of neuroendoscopy in the management of patients with tuberculous meningitis hydrocephalus. Neurosurg Rev 28:278–283

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Husain M, Rastogi M, Jha DK, Husain N, Gupta RK (2007) Endoscopic transaqueductal removal of fourth ventricular neurocysticercosis with an angiographic catheter. Neurosurgery 60(4 Suppl 2):249–253

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Johnson JR, Idris Z, Abdullah JM, Alias A, Haspani MS (2017) Prevalence of shunt dependency and clinical outcome in patients with massive intraventricular haemorrhage treated with endoscopic washout and external ventricular drainage. Malays J Med Sci 24(1):40–46

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Jonathan A, Rajshekhar V (2005) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for chronic hydrocephalus after tuberculous meningitis. Surg Neurol 63:32–34

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kaiser G (1985) Hydrocephalus following toxoplasmosis. Z Kinderkir 40(Suppl. 1):10–11

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kulkarni AV, Riva-Cambrin J, Browd SR (2011) Use of the ETV success score to explain the variation in reported endoscopic third ventriculostomy success rates among published case series of childhood hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg Paediatrics 7:143–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kulkarni AV, Schiff SJ, Mbabazi-Kabachelor E et al (2017) Endoscopic treatment versus shunting for infant hydrocephalus in Uganda. N Engl J Med 377:2456–2464

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Kulkarni AV, Riva-Cambrin J, Rozzelle CJ, Naftel RP, Alvey JS, Reeder RW, Holubkov R, Browd SR, Cochrane DD, Limbrick DD Jr, Simon TD, Tamber M, Wellons JC III, Whitehead WE, Kestle JRW (2018) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization in infant hydrocephalus: a prospective study by the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network. J Neurosurg Pediatr 21(3):214–223

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Lewis AI, Keiper GL Jr, Crone KR (1995) Endoscopic treatment of loculated hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 82(5):780–785

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Moorthy RK, Rajshekhar V (2011) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus: a review of indications, outcomes, and complications. Neurol India 59:848–854

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Nowoslawska E, Polis L, Kaniewska D, Mikolajczyk W, Krawczyk J, Szymanski W et al (2003) Effectiveness of neuroendoscopic procedures in the treatment of complex compartmentalized hydrocephalus in children. Childs Nerv Syst 19(9):659–665

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. O’Brien DF, Javadpour M, Collins DR, Spennato P, Mallucci CL (2005) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy: an outcome analysis of primary cases and procedures performed after ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction. J Neurosurg 103(5 Suppl):393–400

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Oi S (2011) Classification of hydrocephalus: critical analysis of classification categories and advantages of “multi-categorical hydrocephalus classification” (McHC). Childs Nerv Syst 27:1523–1533

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Paraskevopoulos D, Biyani N, Constantini S, Beni-Adani L (2011) Combined intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and navigated neuroendoscopy in children with multicompartmental hydrocephalus and complex cysts: a feasibility study. J Neurosurg: Peds 8(3):279–288

    Google Scholar 

  34. Pearlman J, Argyle C (1992) Lethal cytomegalovirus infection in preterm infants: clinical, radiological, and neuropathological findings. Ann Neurol 31(1):64–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Rajsekhar V, Chandy MJ (1997) Tuberculomas presenting as isolated brain stem masses. Br J Neurosurg 11:127–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Raouf A, Zidan I, Mohamed E (2015) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for post-inflammatory hydrocephalus in pediatric patients: is it worth a try? Neurosurg Rev 38:149–155

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Sandberg DI, McComb JG, Krieger MD (2005) Craniotomy for fenestration of multiloculated hydrocephalus in pediatric patients. Neurosurgery 57(1 Suppl):100–106

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Schulz M, Bohner G, Knaus H, Haberl H, Thomale UW (2010) Navigated endoscopic surgery for multiloculated hydrocephalus in children. J Neurosurg Pediatr 5(5):434–442

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Schulz M, Buhrer C, Pohl-Schickinger A, Haberl H, Thomale UW (2014) Neuroendoscopic lavage for the treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus in neonates. J Neurosurg Pediatr 13(6):626–635

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Shimizu T, Luciano MG, Fukuhara T (2012) Role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy at infected cerebrospinal fluid shunt removal. J Neurosurg Pediatr 9:320–326

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Singh D, Sachdev V, Singh AK, Sinha S (2005) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in post tubercular meningitic hydrocephalus: a preliminary report. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 48:47–52

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Siomin V, Cinalli G, Grotenhuis A, Golash A, Oi S, Kothbauer K, Weiner H, Roth J, Beni-Adani L, Pierre-Kahn A, Takahashi Y, Mallucci C, Abbott R, Wisoff J, Constantini S (2002) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for patients with cerebrospinal fluid infections and/or hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 97:519–524

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Spennato P, Cinalli G, Ruggiero C, Aliberti F, Trischitta V, Cianciulli E, Maggi G (2007) Neuroendoscopic treatment of multiloculated hydrocephalus in children. J Neurosurg 106(1 Suppl):29–35

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Spennato P, Ruggiero C, Aliberti F, Nastro A, Mirone G, Cinalli G (2013) Third ventriculostomy in shunt malfunction. World Neurosurg 79(2 Suppl):S22.e21–S22.e26

    Google Scholar 

  45. Stahl W, Kaneda Y (1997) Pathogenesis of murine toxoplasmic hydrocephalus. Parasitology 114:219–229

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Strowitzki M, Keifer M, Steudel W (2002) A new method of ultrasonic guidance of neuroendoscopic procedures. J Neurosurg 96:628–632

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Tabuchi S, Kadowaki M (2015) Neuroendoscopic surgery for ventriculitis and hydrocephalus after shunt infection and malfunction: preliminary report of a new strategy. Asian J Endosc Surg 8:180–184

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Torres-Corzo JG, Tapia-Pérez JH, Vecchia RR, Chalita-Williams JC, Sánchez-Aguilar M, Sánchez-Rodríguez JJ (2010) Endoscopic management of hydrocephalus due to neurocysticercosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 112:11–16

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Warf BC (2005) Hydrocephalus in Uganda: the predominance of infectious origin and primary management with endoscopic third ventriculostomy. J Neurosurg 102(1 Suppl):1–15

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Warf BC (2005) Comparison of endoscopic third ventriculostomy alone and combined with choroid plexus cauterization in infants younger than 1 year of age: a prospective study in 550 African children. J Neurosurg Pediatr 103:475–481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Warf BC, MacGowen L (2001) Post infectious hydrocephalus: the most common cause of hydrocephalus in Uganda. Ifhsb (International federation for hydrocephalus and spina bifida)

  52. Warf BC, Dagi AR, Kaaya BN, Schiff SJ (2011) Five-year survival and outcome of treatment for postinfectious hydrocephalus in Ugandan infants. J Neurosurg Pediatr 8(5):502–508

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Weil AG, Fallah A, Chamiraju P, Ragheb J, Bhatia S (2016) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization with a rigid neuroendoscope in infants with hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg Pediatr 17:163–173

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Yadav YR, Jaiswal S, Adam N, Basoor A, Jain G (2006) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in infants. Neurol India 54:161–163

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Yadav YR, Parihar V, Pande S, Namdev H, Agarwal M (2012) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy. J Neurosci Rural Pract 3:163–173

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Zuccaro G, Ramos JG (2011) Multiloculated hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst 27(10):1609–1619

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, 114, MRC 1st floor, Bombay Hospital, New Marine Lines, Mumbai, 400020, India

    Chandrashekhar E. Deopujari

  2. Hamilton Naki Senior Clinical Researcher, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

    Llewelyn Padayachy

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Tunku Abdul Rahman Neuroscience Institute (IKTAR) Hospital, Jalan Pahang, 50586, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Alias Azmi

  4. SARChi Chair of Clinical Neurosciences, Red Cross Children’s Hospital and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

    Anthony Figaji

  5. B.J.Wadia Children’s Hospital, Mumbai, India

    Saurav K. Samantray

Authors
  1. Chandrashekhar E. Deopujari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Llewelyn Padayachy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alias Azmi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Anthony Figaji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Saurav K. Samantray
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chandrashekhar E. Deopujari.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Deopujari, C.E., Padayachy, L., Azmi, A. et al. Neuroendoscopy for post-infective hydrocephalus in children. Childs Nerv Syst 34, 1905–1914 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-018-3901-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-018-3901-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation