Conclusions
The use of external heat exchangers with rotary kilns is of great advantage when firing refractory material, on account of which they should be used more extensively.
The construction of large-size rotary kilns which do not have external heat exchangers means that their technical-economic operation characteristics will be poor.
These characteristics can be improved and productivity can be stepped up by building on external heat exchangers.
Drum coolers show poorer technical-economic characteristics than grate coolers. Hence when designing and constructing rotary kilns in the refractory industry, the installation of improved coolers should be envisaged.
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Shumilin, A.A. Firing refractory material in rotary kilns with external heat exchangers. Refractories 2, 401–406 (1961). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01300001
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01300001