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VAM-Assisted Adaptive Response and Tolerance Mechanism of Plants Under Heavy Metal Stress: Prospects for Bioremediation

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In vitro Plant Breeding towards Novel Agronomic Traits

Abstract

Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is an imperative abiotic stress component of the environment that is negatively influencing the agricultural productivity throughout the world. Due to the unprecedented population explosion mainly in developing countries, land resources that are shrinking and therefore utilizing any and every space for cultivation have become a necessity to meet the expanding demands for food, fuel, and fodder. Accumulation of HMs in soil inflicts detrimental effect on various morphological, physiological, and metabolic pathways leading to various other stresses and anomalies in plants. However, plants are equipped with a range of inherent mechanisms to neutralize HM toxicity. Additionally, the phytomicrobiome-microorganisms that colonize plants can allow them to better tolerate soil pollutants. Considering that even contaminated soils are a potential asset for agricultural production, it is crucial to develop remediation techniques involving plants and associated microbiota for sustainable cleanup of defiled land resources so as to avoid biomagnification of toxic trace elements in the food chain. Fungi, both symbiotic and nonsymbiotic, are an important component of soil microbiota. Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) are known to enhance nutrient acquisition from soil, promote growth and development, boost reproductive success, modulate secondary metabolic pathways, and confer biotic and abiotic stress tolerance to its host plants. In this chapter, we present the discussion on fungal symbionts and role of VAMF in combating HM stress that interferes with plant development and affects crop productivity. A detailed update on recent research has also been covered which contributes to a better understanding of the potential of this unique mutualistic relationship that can be engaged in the sustainable production of agricultural and other economically important plants in a changing world.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. St. John’s College, Agra, India

    Ritu Chaturvedi

  2. R.G. (PG) College, C.C.S University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Garima Malik

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  1. Ritu Chaturvedi
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  2. Garima Malik
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

    Manoj Kumar

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India

    Annamalai Muthusamy

  3. Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Vivek Kumar

  4. School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Neera Bhalla-Sarin

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Chaturvedi, R., Malik, G. (2019). VAM-Assisted Adaptive Response and Tolerance Mechanism of Plants Under Heavy Metal Stress: Prospects for Bioremediation. In: Kumar, M., Muthusamy, A., Kumar, V., Bhalla-Sarin, N. (eds) In vitro Plant Breeding towards Novel Agronomic Traits. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9824-8_12

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