Abstract
For authentication and content protection, the act of hiding information in frames is done by reversible video watermarking. An automatic threshold adjuster-based reversible video watermarking (ATAVW) method using difference expansion (DE) for gray-scale video processing system is provided in this paper. To present the best watermarked video frames of an input video stream in terms of peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), the maximum payload size and the embedded threshold with respect to the embedding capacity is automatically calculated by the proposed algorithm. The main feature of ATAVW method is that the payload size and the embedding threshold are not needed to be specified by the user, like other feedback-based reversible video watermarking algorithms to restore the accurate original video. Software implementation results for an input video having 30 frames are explained based on their quality of services parameters. The ATAVW method is then compared with the non-feedback-based reversible watermarking algorithms. These results clearly demonstrated that the ATAVW method provides higher PSNR and embedding capability with respect to the DE method for reversible watermarking.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Potdar, V.M., Han, S., Chang, E.: A survey of digital image watermarking techniques. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, pp. 709–716 Aug 2005
Gwenael, A.D., Dugelay, J.L.: A guide tour of video watermarking. Signal Process. Image Commun. 18(4), 263–282 (2003)
Piva, A., Bartolini, F., Barni, M.: Managing copyright in open networks. IEEE Trans. Internet Comput. 6(3), 18–26 (2002)
Shoshan, Y., Fish, A., Li, X., Jullien, G.A., Yadid-Pecht, O.: VLSI watermark implementations and applications. Int. J. Inf. Technol. Knowl. 2(4), 379–386 (2008)
Li, X., Shoshan, Y., Fish, A., Jullien, G.A., Yadid-Pecht, O.: Hardware implementations of video watermarking. In: International Book Series on Information Science and Computing, no. 5, pp. 9–16. Institute of Information Theories and Applications, FOI ITHEA, Sofia, Bulgaria, June 2008 (supplement to the Int. J. Inform. Technol. Knowl. 2 (2008))
Cox, I.J., Kilian, J., Leighton, F.T., Shamoon, T.: Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 6(12), 1673–1687 (1997)
Mohanty, S.P.:. Digital Watermarking: A Tutorial Review. http://www.linkpdf.com/download/dl/digital-watermarking-a-tutorial-review-.pdf (1999)
Barton, J.M.: Method and apparatus for embedding authentication information within digital data. US Patent 5646997 (1997)
Honsinger, C.W., Jones, P., Rabbani, M., et al.: Lossless recovery of an original image containing embedded data. US Patent 6278791 (2001)
Caldelli, R., Filippini, F., Becarelli, R.: Reversible watermarking techniques: an overview and a classification. EURASIP J. Inf. Secur. (2010). https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/134546
Feng, J.-B., Lin, I.-C., Tsai, C.-S., Chu, Y.-P.: Reversible watermarking: current states and key issues. Int. J. Netw. Secur. 2, 161–171 (2006)
Coltuc, D., Tremeau, A., Delp, E.J., Wong, P.W.: Simple reversible watermarking scheme. In: SPIE: Security, Steganography, Watermarking Multimedia Contents, vol. 5681, pp. 561–568 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.585782
Coltuc, D., Chassery, J.M., Delp, E.J., Wong, P.W.: Simple reversible watermarking scheme: further results. In: SPIE: Security, Steganography, Watermarking Multimedia Contents VIII, vol. 6072, pp. 739–746 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.641376
Tian, J.: Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 13(8), 890–896 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2003.815962
Alattar, A.M.: Reversible watermark using the difference expansion of a generalized integer transform. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 13(8), 1147–1156 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2004.828418
Liu, Y.-C., Hsien-Chu, W., Shyr-Shen, Yu.: Adaptive DE-based reversible steganographic technique using bilinear interpolation and simplified location map. Multimed. Tools Appl. 52(2–3), 263–276 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-010-0496-0
Das, S., Maity, R., Maity, N.P.: VLSI-based pipeline architecture for reversible image watermarking by difference expansion with high-level synthesis approach. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 37(4), 1575–1593 (2018)
Ghosh, S., Das, N., Das, S., Maity, S.P., Rahaman, H.: An adaptive feedback based reversible watermarking algorithm using difference expansion. In: IEEE RETIS (2015)
Sasi Varnan, C., Jagan, A., Kaur, J., Jyoti, D., Rao, D.S.: Image quality assessment techniques in spatial domain. IJCST 2(3) (2011)
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to show their appreciation to TEQUIP-III, NIT Silchar for providing financial assistance, and VLSI Research Lab, Department of Electronics, and Instrumentation Engineering, NIT Silchar to carry out the research work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Das, S., Sunaniya, A.K. (2020). A Comparative Study of Reversible Video Watermarking Using Automatic Threshold Adjuster and Non-feedback-Based DE Method. In: Elçi, A., Sa, P., Modi, C., Olague, G., Sahoo, M., Bakshi, S. (eds) Smart Computing Paradigms: New Progresses and Challenges. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 766. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9683-0_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9683-0_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-9682-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-9683-0
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)