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Emissions from HEFA Fuelled Gas Turbine Combustors

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Book cover Innovations in Sustainable Energy and Cleaner Environment

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Abstract

Combustion rig tests of an (RQL) rich burn quick quench lean burn gas turbine combustor and of a single concentric lean burn combustor were performed using kerosene (Jet A1), 100% hydro-treated ester and fatty acid (HEFA) alternative jet fuel and their blends. The results showed a clear tendency of suppression of non-volatile PM (nvPM) emission with an increase in blending ratio of HEFA for the RQL gas turbine combustor and for low-load conditions in the single concentric lean burn combustor. The O-ring sink test of the fuels was also performed that showed HEFA to have less effect on the strength and volume of the O-rings compared to kerosene. Chemical analysis of both the fuels showed differences in aromatic content, wherein aromatics in kerosene reached up to around 20% while HEFA contained no aromatics at all, which is considered to be the cause for differences in nvPM emission and the effect of fuels on O-rings. Storage stability was tested for both Jet A1 and HEFA that showed high stability.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    From AIAA 2016-4953 [22]; reprinted by permission of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.

  2. 2.

    From AIAA 2018-1474 [23]; reprinted by permission of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.

Abbreviations

ANA:

All Nippon Airways

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

CCS:

Carbon dioxide capture and storage

CLD:

Chemiluminescence detector

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2:

Carbon dioxide

EI:

Emission Index

FAME:

Fatty and methyl ester fuel

FT-SPK:

Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffin Kerosene

HEFA:

Hydro-treated Ester and Fatty Acid

IATA:

International Air Transport Association

ICA:

Independent Component Analysis

IRHD:

International Rubber Hardness Degrees

JAXA:

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

KAKENHI:

Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Name from Japanese)

MHPS:

Mitsubishi-Hitachi Power Systems

NCA:

Nippon Cargo Airlines

NDIR:

Nondispersive infrared detectors

NEDO:

New Energy Industrial Technology Development Organization

NOx:

Nitrogen oxides

nvPM:

Non-volatile particulate matter

PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

PASS:

Photo acoustic soot sensor

PetroOxy:

Rapid Small-Scale Oxidation Tester made by Anton Paar ProveTec

POD:

Proper Orthogonal Decomposition

PVC:

Processing Vortex Core

Re:

Reynolds number

RQL:

Rich burn Quick quench and Lean burn

SOFC:

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

SPK:

Synthetic Paraffin Kerosene

TEC:

Toyo Engineering Cooperation

THC:

Total hydrocarbons

UOP:

Universal Oil Products

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Acknowledgements

This work was in part supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16H04586.

The authors thank Mr. Patrick Salman of the University of Tokyo and Professor Ashwani K. Gupta of the University of Maryland for their support and comments and revisions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Propulsion Research Unit, Aeronautical Research Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 7-44-1 Jindaiji-Higashi, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8522, Japan

    H. Fujiwara & K. Okai

  2. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan

    S. Nakaya & M. Tsue

Authors
  1. H. Fujiwara
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  2. S. Nakaya
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  3. M. Tsue
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  4. K. Okai
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. Fujiwara .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    Ashwani K. Gupta

  2. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ashoke De

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Suresh K. Aggarwal

  4. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Abhijit Kushari

  5. Analytic & Computational Research, Inc. (ACRi), The CFD Innovators, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Akshai Runchal

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Fujiwara, H., Nakaya, S., Tsue, M., Okai, K. (2020). Emissions from HEFA Fuelled Gas Turbine Combustors. In: Gupta, A., De, A., Aggarwal, S., Kushari, A., Runchal, A. (eds) Innovations in Sustainable Energy and Cleaner Environment. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9012-8_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9012-8_16

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