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Isolation of walls and membranes

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Microbial Cell Walls and Membranes

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Abstract

As has been described in Chapter 1, the structure of the outer layers of Grampositive bacteria is reasonably simple as far as can be seen by present techniques. They consist of walls of variable, but always considerable, thickness and of no very clearly defined internal structure. In some species, these walls may bear on their outer surfaces patterned layers of protein which are easily removed, each unit of which consists of a number of sub-units. Underlying the wall and probably physically anchored to it, is the cytoplasmic membrane. This may be invaginated at a limited number of places to form the mesosomes. These sacs or goblets are filled with membranous tubules which are extruded between the wall and membrane when the bacteria are placed in hypertonic solutions. Gram-negative cells, on the other hand, differ considerably in the complexity of their envelopes. Several layers and two membranes are present and the mesosomal membranes are usually less well developed. Among such bacteria are those more specialized micro-organisms that can fix inorganic nitrogen, photosynthesize and use such unlikely food as gaseous H2 and methane. In these groups well developed membrane systems are present, often as packed lamellae or vesicles. Mutants of very common Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli have also been isolated that under appropriate conditions, seem to accumulate large amounts of extra internal membrane.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, UK

    H. J. Rogers (Head) & J. B. Ward

  2. University of Liverpool, UK

    H. R. Perkins (Professor of Microbiology)

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Rogers, H.J., Perkins, H.R., Ward, J.B. (1980). Isolation of walls and membranes. In: Microbial Cell Walls and Membranes. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6014-8_2

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