Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning

  • Chapter
The New Rhetoric and the Humanities

Part of the book series: Synthese Library ((SYLI,volume 140))

Abstract

The last two years of secondary education in Belgium used to be called traditionally ‘Poetry’ and ‘Rhetoric.’ I still remember that, over forty years ago, I had to study the ‘Elements of Rhetoric’ for a final high-school examination, and I learned more or less by heart the contents of a small manual, the first part of which concerned the syllogism and the second the figures of style. Later, at university, I took a course of logic which covered, among other things, the analysis of the syllogism. I then learned that logic is a formal discipline that studies the structure of hypothetico-deductive reasoning. Since then I have often wondered what link a professor of rhetoric could possibly discover between the syllogism and the figures of style with their exotic names that are so difficult to remember.

Translated from the French by E. Griffin-Collart and O. Bird. Reprinted from The Great Ideas Today 1970, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Chicago, 1970.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Dumarsais, Des tropes ou des différents sens dans lesquels on peut prendre un même mot dans une meme langue (1818; reprint ed., Geneva: Slatkine Reprints, 1967 ).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Pierre Fontanier, Les figures du discours, ed. Gérard Genette ( Paris: Flammarion, 1968 ). dgdsg

    Google Scholar 

  3. Petrus Ramus, Dialectic, 1576 edition, pp. 3–4; also in the critical edition of Dialectique, 1555, ed. Michel Dassonville (Geneva: Librairie Droz, 1964 ), p. 62. Cf. Walter J. Ong, Ramus: Method, and the Decay of Dialogue ( Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1958 ).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Fontanier, Les figures du discours, p. 64. See also J. Dubois, F. Edeline, J. M. Klinkenberg, P. Minguet, F. Pire, and H. Trinon, Rhéorique générale (Paris: Larousse, 1970 ).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Heinrich Lausberg, Handbuch der literarischen Rhetorik, 2 vols. ( Munich: M. Hueber, 1960 ).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Douglas Ehninger, ed., Whately’s Elements of Rhetoric ( Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1963 ), p.XXVII.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Robert T. Oliver and Marvin G. Bauer, eds., Re-establishing the Speech Profession: The First Fifty Years (New York: Speech Association of the Eastern States, 1959). See also Frederick W. Haberman and James W. Cleary, eds., Rhetoric and Public Address: A Bibliography, 1947–1961 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1964). Prof. Carroll C. Arnold of Pennsylvania State University has graciously supplied me the following information: “The statement about the bibliography in Quarterly Journal of Speech is not quite correct. The ‘Bibliography of Rhetoric and Public Address’ first appeared in the Quarterly Journal of Speech in 1947 and was published there annually to 1951. From 1952 through 1969, the bibliography was annually published in Speech Monographs. As it happens, the bibliography will cease to be published in Monographs and, beginning with this year, 1970, will be published in a Bibliographical Annual, published by the Speech Association of America. As far as I know, this bibliography remains the only multilingual listing of works (admittedly incomplete) on rhetoric published in the United States.”

    Google Scholar 

  8. See Vasile Florescu, ‘Retorica si reabilitarea ei in filozofia contemporanea’ (Rhetoric and its rehabilitation in contemporary philosophy) in Studii de istorie a filozofiei universale, published by the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of the Socialist Republic of Rumania (Bucharest, 1969), pp. 9–82.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Discourses II. 23; GBWW, [Great Books of the Western World] Vol. 12, pp. 170–71.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ch. Perelman and L. Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric, A Treatise on Argumentation, trans. John Wilkinson and Purcell Weaver (Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1969 ), p. 50. French edition: La nouvelle rhétorique, traité de l’argumentation ( Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1958 ).

    Google Scholar 

  11. On Christian Doctrine, IV, 13,12; GBWW, Vol 18, p. 684.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kenneth Burke, A Rhetoric of Motives ( New York: Prentice-Hall, 1950 ), p. 43.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Act III, scene 2; GBWW, Vol 26, pp. 584c ff.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ch. Perelman, The Idea of Justice and the Problem of Argument, trans. John Petrie (New York: Humanities Press, 1963 ), pp. 1–60.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Ibid., p. 16.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ibid., pp. 56–57.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Edmond Goblot, La logique des jugements de valeur ( Paris: Colin, 1927 ).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric. See also Olbrechts-Tyteca, ‘Rencontre avec la rhétorique,’ in La theorie de l’argumentation, Centre National de Recherches de Logique (Louvain: Editions Nauwelaerts, 1963), 1, pp. 3–18 (reproduces nos. 21 -24 of Logique et Analyse).

    Google Scholar 

  19. This identification is faulty, as dialectical reasoning can be reduced to formal calcula-tion no more than commonplaces (topoi). Cf. Otto Bird, ‘The tradition of the Logical Topics: Aristotle to Ockham,’ Journal of the History of Ideas 23 (1962): 307–23.

    Google Scholar 

  20. See Rhetoric I, 1354a 1–6, 1355a 35–36, 1355b 8–10, 1356a 30–35, 1356b, 35, 1356b, 37–38; GBWW, Vol 9, pp. 593–596.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Plato, Republic I, 348a–b; GBWW, Vol 7, p. 306.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Plato, Republic 511, GBWW, Vol.7, p. 387. Seventh Letter 344b, GBWW, Vol. 7, p. 810.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Aristotle, Rhetoric 1 1357a 1–4; GBWW, Vol 9, p. 596.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Plato, Cratylus 390c; GBWW, Vol 7, pp. 88–89. Theaetetus 167e; GBWW, Vol 7, p. 526.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Rules for the Direction of the Mind; GBWW, Vol 31, p. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Babylonian Talmud, Seder Mo’ed 2, ‘Erubin 136 (ed. Epstein). Cf. Ch. Perelman, ‘What the Philosopher May Learn from the Study of Law,’ Natural Law Forum 11 (1966): 3–4; idem, ‘Désaccord et rationalité des décisions, in Droit, morale et philosophic (Paris: Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1968), pp. 103–10. [In the present volume, Chap. 10].

    Google Scholar 

  27. Euthyphro 7; GBWW, Vol 7. pp. 193–194.

    Google Scholar 

  28. See Clemence Ramnoux, ‘Le développement antilogique des écoles grecques avant Socrate,’ in La dialectique ( Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1969 ), pp. 40–47.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Plato, Phaedrus 273c; GBWW, Vol 7, p. 138.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric, Sections 6–9.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ibid., Sections 15–27.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Ch. Perelman and L. Olbrechts-Tyteca, ‘Classicisme et Romantisme dans l’argumentation.’ Revue Internationale de Philosophie, 1958, pp. 47–57. [In the present volume, Chap. 16].

    Google Scholar 

  33. Plato, Gorgias 487 d–e, GBWW, Vol 7, p. 273.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric, p. 104.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Ibid., p. 116.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Advancement of Learning, Bk II, XVIII; GBWW, Vol 30, p. 67.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Rhetorica ad Herennium 4. 68.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric, Section 42.

    Google Scholar 

  39. To mention only a few works besides Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 1962), there is Michael Polanyi’s fascinating work significantly entitled Personal Knowledge (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1958.) The social, persuasive, nay, the rhetorical aspect, of scientific methodology was stressed by the physicist John Ziman in his brilliant book Public Knowledge (London: Cambridge University Press, 1968). The latter is dedicated to the late Norwood Russell Hanson, whose Patterns of Discovery (London: Cambridge University Press, 1958), and the Concept of the Position (London: Cambridge University Press 1963), gave much weight to the new ideas.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric, Sections 45–88.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Ibid., pp. 172–173.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Ibid., p. 176.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ibid., Sections 45–59.

    Google Scholar 

  44. See J. S. Mill, Utilitarianism, GBWW, Vol. 43, pp. 443 ff.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Ch. Perelman, ed., Les catégories en histoire (Brussels: Editions de l’lnstitut de Sociologie, 1969). [In the present volume, Chap. 15].

    Google Scholar 

  46. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric, Sections 60–74.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Ibid., Sections 78–81.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Ch. Perelman, ‘Analogie et métaphore en science, poésie, et philosophic,’ Revue Internationale de Philosophie, 1969, pp. 3–15. [In the present volume, Chap. 7]; see also Hans Blumenberg, Paradigmem zu einer Metaphorologie (Bonn: H. Bouvier, 1960), and Enzo Melandri, La linea e il circolo: Studio logico-filosofico sull’analogia (Bologna: il Mulino, 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  49. George Berkeley, Works, 2 vols. (London, 1843), 2:259.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric, Sections 82–88.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Ch. Perelman, ‘Le réel commun et le réel philosophique,’ in Etudes surVhistoire de la philosophie, en hommage à Martial Gueroult ( Paris: Fischbacher, 1964 ), pp. 127–38.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric, Sections 89–92.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Ibid., Sections 97–105.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Topics I. 100a 25–32; GBWW, Vol. 8, p. 143.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Ch. Perelman, ‘Le raisonnement pratique,’ in Contemporary Philosophy, ed. Raymond Klibansky (Florence: La Nuova Italia, 1969 ), 1: 168–76.

    Google Scholar 

  56. See Rhetoric I, 1356a, 15–18; GBWW, Vol. 9, p. 595. Paul I. Rosenthal, ‘The Concept of Ethos and the Structure of Persuasion,’ Speech Monographs, 1966, pp. 114–26.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Rhetoric I,1354a 19–27, 1356a 30–31; GBWW, Vol. 9, pp. 593, 595–96.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Ethics I, 1094b 12–27; GBWW, Vol. 9, pp. 339–40.

    Google Scholar 

  59. On Geometrical Demonstration; GBWW, Vol. 33, p. 440.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Ibid, pp. 441.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Cf. V. M. Bevilacqua, ‘Philosophical Origins of George Campbell’s Philosophy of Rhetoric,’ Speech Monographs, 1965, pp. 1–12; and Lloyd F. Bitzer, ‘Hume’s Philosophy in George Campbell’s Philosophy of Rhetoric,’ Philosophy and Rhetoric, 1969, pp. 139–66.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Whately, Elements of Rhetoric (1828), pp. 6–7.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Karl Wallace, Francis Bacon on Communication and Rhetoric (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1943); and Ong, Ramus: Method, and the Decay of Dialogue.

    Google Scholar 

  64. It was published in 1950 in the Revue Philosophique de la France et de l’Etranger under the title ‘Logique et Rhétorique,’ 75th year, pp. 1–35, and reprinted in Ch. Perelman and L. Olbrechts-Tyteca, Rhétorique et philosophie (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1952), pp. 1–48.

    Google Scholar 

  65. The Proceedings appeared in the Revue Internationale de Philosophie, 1954, 27–28.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Gilbert Ryle, ‘Proofs in Philosophy,’ Revue Internationale de Philosophie, 1954, p. 150.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Ibid., p. 156.

    Google Scholar 

  68. See in this respect Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca, Rhétorique et philosophie, especially ‘La quête du rationnel,’ and ‘De la preuve en philosophie.’ The latter was published in English in the Hibbert Journal 52 (1954): 354–59. The same theme was dealt with more fully in the articles ‘Self-evidence and Proof,’ published in Perelman, The Idea of Justice and the Problem of Argument, pp. 109–24; and ‘Self-evidence in Metaphysics,’ International Philosophical Quarterly, 1964, pp. 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Reports published in the Symposium Sobre la Argumentación Filosófica, Mexico, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Maurice Natanson and Henry W. Johnstone, Jr., eds., Philosophy, Rhetoric and Argumentation (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1965). See also Stanislaw Kaminski, ‘Argumentacja filozoficzna w ujeciu analytikow’ (The Philosophic argumentation in the conception of the analysts) in Rozprawy Filozoficzne ( Torun Poland: TNT, 1969 ), pp. 127–42.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Henry W. Johnstone, Jr., Philosophy and Argument (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1959); idem, Jr., Philosophy and Argument (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1959); idem, ‘Philosophy and Argumentation ad Hominem,’ Journal of Philosophy 49 (1952): 489–98; idem, ‘The Methods of Philosophical Polemic,’ Methodos 5 (1953): 131–40; idem, ‘New Outlooks on Controversy,’ Review of Metaphysics 12 (1958): 57–67;idem, ‘Can Philosophical Arguments Be Valid,’ Bucknell Review II (1963): 89–98; idem, ‘Self-refutation and Validity,’ TheMonist, 1964, pp. 467–85.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Perelman, The Idea of Justice and the Problem of Argument, pp. 88–97.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Gidon Gottlieb, The Logic of Choice ( London: George Allen & Unwin, (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  74. See Ch. Perelman, ‘Jugements de valeur, justification et argumentation,’ Revue Internationale de Philosophie 58 (1961) 327–35; reprinted in Perelman, Justice et raison (Brussels: Presses universitaires de Bruxelles, 1963). Also in Perelman, Justice (New York: Random House, 1967), chap. 4.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Entretiens de Liège (Louvain: Nauwelaerts, 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  76. A. J. Ayer, ‘Induction and the Calculus of Probabilities,’ in Entretiens de Liège, pp. 95–108.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Cf. Ch. Perelman, ‘Synthèse finale,’ in Entretiens de Liège, pp. 338–40.

    Google Scholar 

  78. See ‘Jugement moral et principles moraux,’ and ‘Scepticisme moral et philosophie morale,’ in Perelman, Droit, Morale et philosophie.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Michel Villey, Leçons d’histoire de la philosophie du droit (Paris: Dalloz, 1957), and especially, ‘Questions de logique juridique dans l’histoire de la philosophie du droit,’ in Etudes de Logique Juridique 2, Centre National de Recherches de Logique ( Brussels: Bruylant, 1967 ), pp. 3–22.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Ch. Perelman, ‘Autorité, idéologic et violence,’ in Annales de l’institut de Philosophie de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles (Brussels: Editions de l’lnstitut de Sociologie, 1969), pp. 9–20. [In the present volume, Chap. 14].

    Google Scholar 

  81. Ch. Perelman, ‘La théorie pure du droit et l’argumentation,’ in Law, State, and International Legal Order: Essays in Honor of Hans Kelsen, ed. Salo Engel and Rudolf A. Metall ( Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1964 ), pp. 225–32.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Argumentation and Decision,’ in Festkrift Alf Ross, ed. Mogens Blegvad, Max Sørenson, and Isi Foighel) Copenhagen: Juristforbundets Förlaget, 1969), pp. 261–84 (with numerous bibliographical notes).

    Google Scholar 

  83. Max Loreau, ‘Rhetoric as the Logic of the Behavioral Sciences,’ trans. Lloyd I. Watkins and Paul D. Brandes, Quarterly Journal of Speech, 1965, pp. 455–63; Otto Pöggeler, ‘Dialektik und Topik,’: in Hermeneutik und Dialektik, ed. J. C. B. Mohr (Tübingen, Germany, 1970), 2:273–310. Cf. ‘Education et rhétorique,’ in Perelman, Justice et raison, pp. 104–17; and B. Gillemain, ‘Raison et rhétorique, les techniques de l’argumentation et la pédagogie,’ Revue de l’enseignement Philosophique, 1960, (3), 1961, (2); Paolo Facchi, ed., La Propaganda politico in Italia (Bologna: Società editrice il Mulino, 1960). Also, Renato Barilli, Poetica eretorica (Milan, 1969); Ch. Perelman, ed. Raisonnement et démarches de l’historien, 2d ed. (Brussels: Editions de l’nstitut de Sociologie, 1965); and Giulio Preti, Retorica e logica ( Turin: G. Einaudi, 1968 ).

    Google Scholar 

  84. Edgar Bodenheimer, ‘A Neglected Theory of Legal Reasoning,’ Journal of Legal Education, 1969, pp. 373–402.

    Google Scholar 

  85. A. H. Campbell, ‘On Forgetting One’s Law,’ The Journal of the Society of Public Teachers of Law, London, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  86. George G. Christie, ‘Objectivity in the Law’, Yale Law Journal, 1963, pp. 1311 – 50.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Per Olaf Ekelof, ‘Topik und jura,’ in Universitetet och forskningen (University and Science), ed. Birger Lindskog (Uppsala, 1968), pp. 207–24. The author also refers to Stephen E. Toulmin’s The Uses of Argument (London: Cambridge University Press, 1958), in which Toulmin develops a theory of topics without referring to rhetoric or even to the idea of an audience.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Alessandro Giuliani, Il concetto di prova: Contributo alia logica giuridica (Milan: A. Giuffrè, 1961); idem, ‘L’élément juridique dans la logique médiévale,’ in La théorie de l’argumentation (see note 18), pp. 540–90; idem, ‘Influence of Rhetoric on the Law of Evidence and Pleading,’ The Juridical Review, 1969; idem, ‘La logique juridique comme theorie de la controverse,’ Archives de Philosophie du Droit, 1966, pp. 87–113; idem, La controversia, Contributo alia logica giuridica (Pavia, Italy: Pubblicazioni della Universitd di Pavia, 1966). Graham Hughes, ‘Rules, Policy and Decision-Making,’ in Law Reason, and Justice: Essays in Legal Philosophy, ed. Graham Hughes (New York: New York University Press, 1969), pp. 101–35. Luis Recaséns-Siches, La logica de los problemas humanos (Mexico: Dianoia, 1964), pp. 3–34. The Logic of the Reasonable as Differentiated from the Logic of the Rational,’ in Essays in Jurisprudence in Honor of Roscoe Pound, ed. Ralph A. Newman ( Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1962 ).

    Google Scholar 

  89. Julius Stone, Legal System and Lawyers’ Reasonings ( London: Stevens & Sons, 1964 ), pp. 325–37.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Ilmar Tammelo, ‘The Law of Nations and the Rhetorical Tradition of Legal Reasoning,’ in Indian Yearbook of International Affairs ( Madras: Diocesan Press, 1964 ), pp. 227–58.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Renato Treves, ‘Metaphysics and Methodology in the Philosophy of Law,’ in Hughes, Law, Reason, and Justice, pp. 235–54.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Theodor Viehweg, Topik und Jurisprudenz (Munich: Beck-Verlag, 1963), and his introduction to the German edition of my studies on justice, Die Gerechtigkeit ( Munich: Beck-Verlag, 1967 ).

    Google Scholar 

  93. Franz Wieacker, ‘Zur Praktischen Leistung der Rechts-dogmatik,’ in Mohr, Hermeneutik

    Google Scholar 

  94. und Dialektik 2: 311–36.

    Google Scholar 

  95. George Wróblewski, ‘Legal Reasonings in Legal Interpretation,’ in Etudes de Logique Juridique 3 ( Brussels: Bruylant, 1969 ), pp. 3–31.

    Google Scholar 

  96. See the volume of the Archives de Philosophie du Droit of 1961 devoted to the logic of law; the colloquium of Toulouse on legal logic, Annates de la Faculté de Droit de Toulouse, 1967, fasc. I; that of the Instituts d’Etudes Judiciaires de Paris, 1967, of which the Proceedings appeared under the title La logique judiciaire (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1969); the Proceedings of the International Congress of the International Association for legal and political philosophy Le raisonnement juridique, (Brussels: Bruylant, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  97. See Ch. Perelman, ‘Droit, logique et argumentation,’ Revue de l’Université de Bruxelles, 1968, pp. 387–98. The works produced by the legal section of the Centre National de Recherches de Logique have undeniably brought a remarkable contribution to a renewed outlook of the whole subject (see A. Bayart, ‘le Centre National Beige de Recherches de Logique,’ Archives de Philosophie du Droit, 1968, pp. 171–80; and Paul Foriers, ‘L’état des recherches de logique juridique en Belgique,’ in Etudes de Logique Juridique 2, pp. 23–42). Besides numerous articles written by members and of which several appeared in the Journal des Tribunaux, Brussels, the Center has published, since 1961, three large volumes, respectively entitled Le fait et le droit (Brussels: Bruylant, 1961), Les antinomies en droit (Brussels: Bruylant, 1965), and Le problème des lacunes en droit (Brussels: Bruylant, 1968). [Since then the following have been published: La régle de droit (Brussels: Bruylant, 1971), Les présomptions et les fictions en droit (Brussels: Bruylant, 1974) and La motivation des decisions de justice (Brussels: Bruylant, 1978).]

    Google Scholar 

  98. We will mention, in this respect, W. A. de Pater’s thesis Les topiques d’Aristote et la dialectique platonicienne, Etudes Thomistiques,. vol. 10 (Fribourg: Editions St. Paul, (1965), as well as the fact that the 3rd Symposium Aristotelicum of Oxford has been entirely devoted to the Topics (G. E. L. Owen, ed., Aristotle on Dialectic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968 ).

    Google Scholar 

  99. Pierre Aubenque, Le probleme de l’être chez Aristote ( Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1962 ).

    Google Scholar 

  100. Pierre Aubenque, La prudence chez Aristote ( Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1963 ).

    Google Scholar 

  101. Alain Michel published, in 1960, an essay on the philosophical foundations of the art of persuasion entitled Rhétorique et philosophie chez Cicéron (Paris: Presses universitaires de France), while Renato Barilli devoted an important, lively chapter to Cicero in his Poetica e retorica (see note 83).

    Google Scholar 

  102. We have already mentioned Alessandro Giuliani, whose works cover the period stretching from Aristotle to the Scottish philosophy, without neglecting medieval logic, and shed new light on the history of legal logic. Mention must also be made of G. Chevrier’s suggestive study ‘Sur l’art de l’argumentation chez quelques romanistes miédievaux au XIIe et au XIIIe siècl,’ Archives de Philosophie du Droit, 1966, pp. 115–48. Finally let us recall the well-known works of Eugenio Garin and of his disciples, which have drawn attention again to the Italian philosophy of the Renaissance and to fifteenth and sixteenth century humanism, in which discussions concerning the relations between philosophy, dialectic, and rhetoric occupied a central place: Garin, Medioevo e Rinascimento (Bari, Italy: Laterza 1961); and Garin, Paolo Rossi, and Cesare Vasoli, eds., Testi umanistici sulla retorica (Rome: Fratelli Bocca, 1953). Besides Garin’s own writings, we must mention those of Paolo Rossi: ‘La celebrazione della retorica e la polemica antimetafisica nel De principiis di Mario Nizolio,’ in La Crisi dell’uso dogmatico delle ragione, ed. Antonio Banfl (Milan, 1953 ), pp. 99–221; and Cesare Vasoli, La dialettica e la retorica dell’ umanesimo ( Milan: Feltrinelli, 1968 ).

    Google Scholar 

  103. C. S. Peirce, Collected Papers, 6vols., ed. Charles Hartshorne and Paul Weiss (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1931–35), 1: 444.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Klibansky, Contemporary Philosophy (see note 55), 1:177–84.

    Google Scholar 

  105. See my article ‘What the Philosopher May Learn from the Study of Law,’ Natural Law Forum 11 (1966), 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Cf. Ch. Perelman and L. Olbrechts-Tyteca, ‘Les notions et l’argumentation,’ Archivio di filosofia, Rome, 1955, pp. 249–69; idem, ‘De la temporalié comme caractère de l’argumentation,’ Archivio di filosofia, 1958, pp. 115–33. L. Olbrechts-Tyteca, ‘Les définitions des statisticiens,’ Logique et Analyse 3 (1960): 49–60. Ch. Perelman, ‘Avoir un sens et donner un sens,’ in Thinking and Meaning, Entretiens d’Oxford, in Logique et Analyse, 1962, pp. 235–39.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Ch. Perelman, ‘The Dialectical Method and the Part Played by the Interlocutor in the Dialogue,’ in Perelman, The Idea of Justice and the Problem of Argument, pp. 161–67; also, ‘Dialectique et Dialogue,’ in Hermeneutik und Dialektik (see note 83), 2:77–84. [In the present volume, Chap. 5].

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Brussels, Belgium

    Chaïm Perelman

Authors
  1. Chaïm Perelman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1979 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Perelman, C. (1979). The New Rhetoric: A Theory of Practical Reasoning. In: The New Rhetoric and the Humanities. Synthese Library, vol 140. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9482-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9482-9_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-277-1019-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-9482-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation