Abstract
Drop size measurements are crucial for characterizing practical sprays in automotive applications. Phase-Doppler (PD) techniques allow for highly accurate point-wise measurements of single droplets diameters and velocities. Statistical parameters such as mean diameters are recorded at single locations that are composed of thousands of individual droplet measurements. Therefore the assessment of an entire spray by the phase Doppler technique is time-consuming. For this reason there is some need for planar drop sizing methods in engineering applications that call for much faster spray characterizations. Simultaneous Mie scattering and planar laser-induced fluorescence (Mie/PLIF) is one choice that provides access to Sauter-mean-diameters (SMD). The advantage in reduced measuring times comes along with various challenging issues, such as accuracy limited by multiple-scattering, absorption effects, and calibration procedures. Its application especially to practically relevant sprays claims for real fuel composed of a mixture of various hydrocarbons with intense absorption bands in the ultraviolet spectral range. The purpose of this project is the adaptation of the Mie/PLIF technique to real-world requirements and is conducted in cooperation with BMW F1. For a multi-hole injector operated with commercial gasoline fuel and port-fuel injection conditions typical for motorsport engines it is shown that deviations between SMDs measured by phase Doppler and Mie/PLIF is below 20%. Savings of time are up to 80% justifying the limitation to measuring the SMD only.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Albrecht, H.E., Borys, M., Damaschke, N., Tropea, C.: Laser Doppler and Phase Doppler Measurement Techniques. Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York (2003)
Albrecht, H. E., Damaschke, N., Bech, H. FLMT: program for calculation of light scattering of shaped beams on spherical homogeneous particles. Program Documentation (2001)
Araújo, M.A., Silva, R., Lima, E., Pereira, D.P., Oliveira, P.C.: Measurement of Gaussian laser beam radius using the knife-edge technique: improvement on data analysis. Appl. Opt. 48(2), 393–396 (2009)
Bakić, S.: Time integrated detection and applications of fs-laserpulses scattered by small particles. PhD thesis, Technical University Darmstadt (2009)
Bareiss, S., Bork, B., Bakić, S., Tropea, C., Irsig, R., Tiggesbäumker, J., Dreizler, A.: Application of femtosecond lasers to the polarization ratio technique for droplet sizing. Submitted for publication to Measurement Science and Technology (2012)
Berrocal, E., Meglinski, I.: New model for light propagation in highly inhomogeneous polydisperse turbid media with applications in spray diagnostics. Opt. Express 13(23), 9181–9195 (2005)
Berrocal, E., Kristensson, E., Richter, M., Linne, M., Aldén, M.: Application of structured illumination for multiple scattering suppression in planar laser imaging of dense sprays. Opt. Express 16(22), 17870–17881 (2008)
Bohren, G.F., Huffman, D.R.: Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles. Wiley, New York (1983)
Domann, R., Hardalupas, Y.: A study of parameters that influence the accuracy of the planar droplet sizing (PDS) technique. Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 18, 3–11 (2001)
Domann, R., Hardalupas, Y., Jones, A.R.: A study of the influence of absorption on the spatial distribution of fluorescence intensity within large droplets using Mie theory, geometrical optics and imaging experiments. Meas. Sci. Technol. 13(S.), 280–291 (2002)
Düwel, I., Kunzelmann, T., Schorr, J., Schulz, C., Wolfrum, J.: Application of fuel tracers with different volatilities for planar LIF/Mie drop sizing in evaporating systems. In: 9th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems (2003)
Frackowiak, B., Tropea, C.: Numerical analysis of diameter influence on droplet fluorescence. Appl. Opt. 49(12), 2363–2370 (2010)
Hofeldt, D.L.: Full-field measurements of droplet size distributions: I. Theoretical limitations of the polarization ratio method. Appl. Opt. 32(36), 7551–7558 (1993); Hofeldt, D.L.: Full-field measurements of droplet size distributions: II. Experimental comparison of the polarization ratio and scattered intensity methods. Appl. Opt. 32(36), 7559–7567 (1993)
Jermy, M.C., Greenhalgh, D.A.: Planar dropsizing by elastic and fluorescence scattering in sprays too dense for phase Doppler measurement. Appl. Phys. B 71, 703–710 (2000)
Kamimoto, T.: Diagnostics of transient sprays by means of laser sheet techniques. In: International Symposium on COMODIA, Yokohama, Japan (1994)
Kapulla, R., Najera, S.B.: Operation conditions of a phase Doppler anemometer: droplet size measurements with laser beam power, photomultiplier voltage, signal gain and signal-to-noise ratio as parameters. Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 221–227 (2006)
Le Gal, P., Farrugia, N., Greenhalgh, D.A.: Laser sheet dropsizing in dense sprays. Opt. Laser Technol. 31, 286–291 (1999)
Lettieri, T.R., Jenkins, W.D., Swyt, D.A.: Sizing of individual optically levitated evaporating droplets by measurement of resonances in the polarization ratio. Appl. Opt. 20(16), 2799–2805 (1981)
Malarski, A., Schürer, B., Schmitz, I., Zigan, L., Flügel, A., Leipertz, A.: Laser sheet dropsizing based on two-dimensional Raman and Mie scattering. Appl. Opt. 48(10), 1853–1860 (2009)
Park, S., Cho, H., Yoon, I., Min, K.: Measurement of droplet size distribution of gasoline direct injection spray by droplet generator and planar image technique. Meas. Sci. Technol. 13, 859–864 (2002)
Sankar, S.V., Maher, K.E., Robart, D.M., Bachalo, W.D.: Rapid characterization of fuel atomizers using an optical patternator. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 121, 409–414 (1999)
Schäfer, W., Tropea, C., Elsäßer, W.: Determination of size and refractive index of a single water droplet by using a light source with short coherence length (LED). In: 15th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon (2010)
Sivasubramanian, N.A., Saylor, J.R.: Application of a histogram modification algorithm to the processing of raindrop images. Opt. Eng. 47(3), 037011 (2008)
Zaller, M., Locke, R.J., Anderson, R.C.: Comparison of techniques for non-intrusive fuel drop size measurements in a subscale gas turbine combustor. J. Vis. 2(3/4), 301–308 (2000)
Zimmer, L., Domann, R., Hardalupas, Y.: Simultaneous laser-induces fluorescence and Mie scattering for droplet cluster measurements. Am. Inst. Aeronaut. Astronaut. J. 41(11), 2170–2178 (2003)
Acknowledgements
Financial support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB568, project T3) are gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank BMW Motorsport for test rig maintenance and support, in person Mr. Paul Summerer, Mr. Dietmar Wagner.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bareiss, S. et al. (2013). Planar Droplet Sizing for Characterization of Automotive Sprays in Port Fuel Injection Applications Using Commercial Fuel. In: Janicka, J., Sadiki, A., Schäfer, M., Heeger, C. (eds) Flow and Combustion in Advanced Gas Turbine Combustors. Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, vol 1581. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5320-4_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5320-4_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-5319-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-007-5320-4
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)