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Cleavage of β-Carotene to Retinal

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Carotenoids

Part of the book series: Carotenoids ((CAROT,volume 4))

Abstract

Elucidating the physiological roles played by vitamins has always been a major goal of nutritionists and biochemists. In humans, vitamin A deficiency disorder (VADD) in milder forms leads to night blindness, whilst more severe progression can lead to corneal malformations, e.g. xerophthalmia (See Volume 5, Chapters 8 and 9). This deficiency also affects the immune system, leads to infertility and causes malformations during embryogenesis. The molecular basis for these diverse effects lies in the dual role of vitamin A (retinol, 1) derivatives. In all visual systems, retinal (2), or a closely related compound such as 3-hydroxyretinal (3), is the chromophore of the visual pigments (e.g. rhodopsin) [1,2]. In vertebrates, the derivative retinoic acid (RA, 4) is a major signalling molecule that controls a wide range of processes. Retinoic acid is the ligand of the nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) [3–6] (see Chapter 15).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. DSM Nutritional Products, R & D-Human Nutrition and Health, Bldg 205/219B, P. O. Box 2676, 4002, Basel, Switzerland

    Adrian Wyss

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Case University, 10990 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA

    Johannes von Lintig

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  1. Adrian Wyss
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  2. Johannes von Lintig
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK

    George Britton

  2. Organic Chemistry Laboratories Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway

    Synnøve Liaaen-Jensen

  3. Muristrasse 8e, 3006, Born, Switzerland

    Hanspete Pfander (Carote Nature GmbH, Chief Operating Officer) (Carote Nature GmbH, Chief Operating Officer)

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Wyss, A., von Lintig, J. (2008). Cleavage of β-Carotene to Retinal. In: Britton, G., Liaaen-Jensen, S., Pfander, H. (eds) Carotenoids. Carotenoids, vol 4. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-7499-0_16

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