Zusammenfassung
Unter akuten Höhen-/Hypoxiebedingungen sind weder Untrainierte noch Trainierte von einer pulmonalarteriellen Drucksteigerung infolge pulmonaler Vasokontriktion („hypoxic pulmonary vascular response“, HPVR) ausgenommen. Die HPVR stellt eine autonome Leistung der pulmonalen Strombahn dar, die auch noch an autoptischen Lungenpräparaten nachweisbar ist und völlig unabhängig vom vegetativen Nervensystem abläuft. Mit großen individuellen Unterschieden verdoppeln Gesunde ihren pulmonalarteriellen Druck in etwa 4000 m Höhe, wobei es große individuelle Unterschiede gibt. Diese physiologische hypoxische pulmonalarterielle Hypertonie (HPAH) dient der Homogenisierung der Lungenperfusion (Angleichung der Perfusions- und Ventilationsverhältnisse sowie Abnahme funktioneller Shunts) und optimiert innerhalb bestimmter Druckgrenzen die Sauerstoffaufnahme. Die HPAH ist nach Rückkehr auf Normalhöhe kurzfristig reversibel, sofern noch kein Remodeling der Pulmonalgefäße stattgefunden hat.
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Domej, W., Schwaberger, G. (2015). Pulmonalvaskuläre und sonstige Veränderungen unter Hypoxie. In: Berghold, F., et al. Alpin- und Höhenmedizin. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1833-7_32
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