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Prüfung der Aktivität von Fibrinogenese und Fibrose

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Book cover Funktionsdiagnostik in der Gastroenterologie

Zusammenfassung

Der Ablauf der hepatischen Fibrinogenese ist ein zeitlich langsam verlaufender Prozess, bei dem es zur Zunahme aller Komponenten der extrazellulären Matrix (EM), wenn auch in quantitativ unterschiedlichem Ausmaß, kommt. Die einzelnen Komponenten der EM unterscheiden sich rein quantitativ, nicht jedoch qualitativ von denen der normalen Leber. Zugrunde liegt eine Aktivierung der Ito-Zellen zu Myofibroblasten durch Zytokine (TGF-α, TGF-β, IL-1, TNF-α), die als Mediatoren von Kupffer-Zellen abgegeben werden. Dabei werden die zugrunde liegenden pathogenetischen Abläufe in hohem Maße von der Ätiologie der zugrunde liegenden Lebererkrankung bestimmt. Da dieser Prozess nicht direkt mittels konventioneller klinisch-chemischer Parameter, die die Parenchymzellschädigung widerspiegeln, erfasst werden kann, beschränkte sich die routinemäßige Diagnostik eines fibrotischen Parenchymumbaus bisher weitestgehend auf die histomorphologische Untersuchung von Biopsiematerial und einer daraus abgeleiteten Graduierung des Fibrosegrades. Neben den allgemeinen Risiken einer invasiven Diagnostik erweist sich allerdings, insbesondere zur Verlaufskontrolle, der hohe Grad sog. Sampling errors (einige wenige Milligramm Biopsiematerial sind nicht unbedingt repräsentativ für ein ca. 1500 g wiegendes Organ) als nachteilig. Dies führte zur Entwicklung verschiedener „Fibrosemarker“ und Fibrose-Scores, die den Grad der Fibrinogenese bzw. den Degradationszustand der Matrixkomponenten, d. h. das Ausmaß der Fibrinolyse und somit den Umsatz (turnover) der extrazellulären Matrixkomponenten, widerspiegeln sollen.

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Correspondence to Jürgen Stein .

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Stein, J., Mavrommataki, I. (2020). Prüfung der Aktivität von Fibrinogenese und Fibrose. In: Stein, J., Wehrmann, T. (eds) Funktionsdiagnostik in der Gastroenterologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59133-8_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59133-8_14

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

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