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Reaktoren für Fluid-Feststoff-Reaktionen: Festbettreaktoren

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Handbuch Chemische Reaktoren

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Naturwissenschaften ((SRN))

Zusammenfassung

Festbettreaktoren sind der am häufigsten eingesetzte Reaktortyp in der chemischen und petrochemischen Industrie. Auch für die mobile und stationäre Abgasreinigung kommen Festbettreaktoren zum Einsatz. Allen Festbettreaktoren ist gemeinsam, dass ein Feststoff, in der Regel ein Katalysator, im Reaktor räumlich fixiert ist, und von der Reaktionsmischung durch- oder überströmt wird. Das vorliegende Buchkapitel gibt einen Überblick über diesen wichtigen Reaktortyp, wobei der Fokus auf katalytischen Festbettreaktoren für Gasreaktionen liegt. Nach einer kurzen Einführung werden katalytische Festbettreaktoren nach der Art der beteiligten Phasen, der Struktur der Katalysatorphase und der Temperaturführung klassifiziert. Das Funktionsprinzip der verschiedenen Reaktortypen wird anhand von Beispielen erläutert. Neben Festbettreaktoren in der Industrie werden auch Festbettreaktoren in Labor und Forschung behandelt, welche zum Hochdurchsatz-Screening, zur Messung kinetischer Daten oder zur operando-Spektroskopie an Katalysatoren zum Einsatz kommen. Anschließend wird die mathematische Modellierung von Festbettreaktoren besprochen. Die Gliederung der verschiedenen Modellansätze umfasst die Dimension der Modellierungsdomain, die mathematische Struktur der Gleichungen, die Beschreibung von Transportprozessen, die Zahl und Art der beteiligten Phasen und die Beschreibung der Reaktionskinetik. Neben den klassischen pseudo-homogenen, pseudo-heterogenen und heterogenen Reaktormodellen werden auch moderne Modellierungsansätze wie die CFD-Simulation katalytischer Festbettreaktoren anhand von Beispielen vorgestellt. Zum Abschluss wird auf den instationären Betrieb und das dynamische Verhalten von Festbettreaktoren eingegangen. Dabei werden die parametrische Sensitivität, das thermische Durchgehen und die periodische Flussumkehr näher beleuchtet.

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  1. Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Technische Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Raimund Horn

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  1. Raimund Horn
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Correspondence to Raimund Horn .

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  1. Institut für Technische Chemie, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Wladimir Reschetilowski

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Horn, R. (2019). Reaktoren für Fluid-Feststoff-Reaktionen: Festbettreaktoren. In: Reschetilowski, W. (eds) Handbuch Chemische Reaktoren. Springer Reference Naturwissenschaften . Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56444-8_22-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56444-8_22-1

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