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Confidentiality Issues on a GPU in a Virtualized Environment

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Financial Cryptography and Data Security (FC 2014)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNSC,volume 8437))

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Abstract

General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) combined to cloud computing is already a commercial success. However, there is little literature that investigates its security implications. Our objective is to highlight possible information leakage due to GPUs in virtualized and cloud computing environments. We provide insight into the different GPU virtualization techniques, along with their security implications. We systematically experiment and analyze the behavior of GPU global memory in the case of direct device assignment. We find that the GPU global memory is zeroed only in some configurations. In those configurations, it happens as a side effect of Error Correction Codes (ECC) and not for security reasons. As a consequence, an adversary can recover data of a previously executed GPGPU application in a variety of situations. These situations include setups where the adversary launches a virtual machine after the victim’s virtual machine using the same GPU, thus bypassing the isolation mechanisms of virtualization. Memory cleaning is not implemented by the GPU card itself and we cannot generally exclude the existence of data leakage in cloud computing environments. We finally discuss possible countermeasures for current GPU clouds users and providers.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Tesla is used by NVIDIA both as an architecture code name and a product range name [25]. NVIDIA commercialized the Tesla architecture under the name GeForce 8 Series. When not specified, we refer to the product range name in the remainder of the article.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank NVIDIA for the donation of a Tesla K20 card. We would also like to thank the Nouveau development team, and especially Martin Peres, for sharing their knowledge and their massive effort of reverse-engineering on NVIDIA GPUs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technicolor, Rennes, France

    Clémentine Maurice, Christoph Neumann & Olivier Heen

  2. Eurecom, Sophia Antipolis, France

    Clémentine Maurice & Aurélien Francillon

Authors
  1. Clémentine Maurice
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  2. Christoph Neumann
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  3. Olivier Heen
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  4. Aurélien Francillon
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Clémentine Maurice .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Nicolas Christin

  2. University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

    Reihaneh Safavi-Naini

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© 2014 International Financial Cryptography Association

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Maurice, C., Neumann, C., Heen, O., Francillon, A. (2014). Confidentiality Issues on a GPU in a Virtualized Environment. In: Christin, N., Safavi-Naini, R. (eds) Financial Cryptography and Data Security. FC 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8437. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45472-5_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45472-5_9

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