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Rare Congenital Genitourinary Anomalies pp 193–208Cite as

Uterus

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Abstract

Mullerian ducts are named after Johannes Peter Müller, a German physiologist who described these ducts in his text in 1830. Mullerian duct anomalies (MDA) are not so rare but are not always detected. Therefore, their true prevalence in the general population is unknown because many are asymptomatic and not noticed. In a recent systematic review, the mean prevalence of mullerian congenital malformations in the general population was up to 7 %. Renal tract anomalies are associated with up to 30 % of cases because of the close embryological relationship between the paramesonephric and mesonephric ducts; various types of uterine anomalies and their classification are reported; MDAs have been classified by the American Society of Reproductive Medicine according to anatomic findings. Müllerian Aplasia is the absence of the uterus, cervix, and upper vagina; it represents the most severe type of MDA, in consisting of segmental agenesis and variable degrees of uterovaginal hypoplasia. The lower third of the vagina is typically present secondary to normal formation of the sinus vagina, and the external genitalia are normal. Incidence of incomplete Müllerian fusion is difficult to estimate, as many patients are asymptomatic; however, the incidence quoted is between 0.1 and 3 %. Uterus didelphys is a symmetric anomaly in which two completely separate uterine cavities are identified. In bicornuate uterus, two symmetric cornua are fused caudally, with communication of the endometrial cavities, most often at the level of the uterine isthmus.

Neonatal Uterine Prolapse is a rare condition; it is most commonly associated with anomalies of the central nervous system, especially the meningomyelocele.

Several case reports of congenital absence of the cervix exist; the cervix may be absent in lieu of a normal uterus and vagina.

Fallopian tube anomalies are rarely observed without an associated uterine anomaly, except for those cases with bifid, uni, or bilateral tube, which are relatively frequent as casual findings in laparoscopy or laparotomy.

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References

Mullerian Duct Anomalies (MDA)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Al Agouza, Cairo, PO, Egypt

    Mohamed A. Baky Fahmy

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  1. Mohamed A. Baky Fahmy
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© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Fahmy, M.A.B. (2015). Uterus. In: Rare Congenital Genitourinary Anomalies. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43680-6_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43680-6_13

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-43679-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-43680-6

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