Abstract
Volatile aroma compounds are generally regarded to be important parameters for determining the flavour quality and spoilage index in marine-based products. Although sensory assessment is desirable (provided it is carried out scientifically and correctly) it has limitations, including the study of flavour at the molecular level. Therefore an increasing emphasis has been placed on developing instrumentation and methods which can reliably identify and rapidly quantify key odourants in seafood, and studying how processing, abuse and storage can affect them. This chapter describes the major chemical classes of flavour compounds found in seafood and the methods available for their detection.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Sloan AE, McNutt KW, Powers M (1986) Consumers’ attitudes about shelflife and technology. In: Charalambous G (ed) The shelflife of foods and beverages. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp 63–72
Branch AC, Vail AMA (1985) Bringing fish inspection into the computer age. Food Technol Aust 37: 352–355
Oehlenschlager J (1992) Evaluation of some well established and some underrated indices for the determination of freshness and/or spoilage of ice stored wet fish. In: Huss HH, Jakobsonen M, Liston J (eds) Quality assurance in the fish industry. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp 339–350
Stone H, Sidel JS, Oliver S, Woolsey A, Singleton RC (1974) Sensory evaluation by quantitative descriptive analysis. Food Technol 11: 24–34
British Standards Institute (1986) British standards methods for sensory analysis of foods. Part 4: flavour profile method. British standards Institution, London
Ryder JM (1985) Determination of ATP and its breakdown products in fish muscle by HPLC. J Agric Food Chem 33: 678–680
Luong JHT, Male BK, Huynh MD (1991) Applications of polarography for assessment of fish freshness. J Food Sci 56: 335–339
Kryzmien M, Elias L, Sim PG (1992) Development of an instrumental approach to assessing fish freshness by headspace analysis for trimethylamine. In: Bligh EG (ed) Seafood science and technology. Fishing New Books ( Canadian Institute of Fisheries Technology ), Halifax, pp 216–224
Olafsdottir G, Martinsdottir E, Oehlenschlager J, Dalgaard P, Jensen B, Undeland I, Mackie IM, Henehan G, Nielsen J, Nilsen H (1997) Methods to evaluate fish freshness in research and industry. Trends Food Sci Technol 8: 258–265
Pedrosa-Menabritto A, Regenstein JM (1990) Shelf-life extension of fresh fish - a review. Part III - fish quality and methods of assessment. J Food Qual 13: 209–223
Rodriguez CJ, Villar-Estalote V, Besteiro I, Pascual C (1997) Biochemical indices of freshness during processing sardine for canning. In: Luten JP, Borresen T, Oehlenschlager (eds) Seafood from producer to consumer, integrated approach to quality. Elsevier Science Publishers, Oxford, pp 203–210
Wood R, Nilsson A, Wallin H (1998) Quality in the food analysis laboratory. Royal Society of Cambridge Publications, Cambridge, UK
Horwitz W (1982) Evaluation of analytical methods used for regulation of foods and drugs. Anal Chem 54: 67–76
Josephson DB, Lindsay RC, Stuiber DA (1984) Biogenesis of lipid-derived volatile aroma compounds in the Emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides). J Agric Food Chem 32: 13471352
Josephson DB, Lindsay RC (1986) Enzymic generation of volatile aroma compounds from fresh fish. In: Parliment TH, Croteau R (eds) Biogeneration of aroma. ACS Symposium Series 317. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 201–221
Ashie INA, Smith JP, Simpson BK (1996) Spoilage and shelf-life extension of fresh fish and shellfish. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 36: 87–121
Ross DA, Love RM (1979) Decreased in the cold store flavour developed by frozen fillets of starved cod (Gadus morhua, L). J Food Technol 14: 115–122
Shankaranarayana ML, Raghaven B, Abraham KO, Natarajan CP (1989) Sulphur compounds in flavours. In: Morton ID, McLeod AJ (eds) Food flavours, part A. Elsevier Science Publishers, New York, pp 169–281
Whitfield FB, Freeman DJ, Bannister PA (1981) Dimethyl trisulphide: an important off-flavour component in the royal red prawn. Chem Ind 10: 692–693
Kawai T (1996) Fish flavour. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 36: 257–298
McGill AS, Hardy R, Burt RJ, Gunstone FD (1974) Hept-cis-4-enal and its contribution to the off-flavour in cold stored cod. J Sci Food Agric 25: 1477–1489
McGill AS, Hardy R, Gunstone FD (1977) Further analysis of the volatile components of frozen cold-stored cod and the influence of these on flavour. J Sci Food Agric 28: 200–203
Hofer T (1998) Tainting of seafood and marine pollution. Water Res 32: 3505–3512
Whitfield FB (1999) Biological origins of off-flavours in fish and crustaceans. Water Sci Technol 40: 265–272
Whitfield FB, Last JH, Shaw KJ, Tindale CR (1988) 2,6-Dibromophenol: the cause of an iodoform-like off-flavour in some Australian crustacea. J Sci Food Agric 46: 29–42
Persaud J, Dodd GH (1982) Analysis of discrimination mechanisms in the mammalian olfactory system using a model nose. Nature 299: 352–355
Gardner JW, Hines EL (1997) Pattern analysis techniques. In: Kress-Rogers E (ed) Handbook of biosensors and electronic noses: medicine, food and the environment. CRC Press, pp 633–652
Schaller E, Bosettand JO, Escher F (1998) Electronic noses and their application to food. Lebensm-Wiss-Technol 31: 305–316
Dickinson TA, White J, Kauer JS, Waltz DR (1996) A chemical-detecting system based on cross-reactive optical sensor array. Nature 382: 697–700
Lonergan MC, Severin EJ, Doleman EJ, Beaber SA, Grubbs RH, Lewis NS (1996) Array-based vapour sensing using chemically sensitive, carbon-black polymer resistors. Chem Mater 8: 2298–2312
Ali Z (1999) Acoustic wave mass sensors. J Therm Anal Calorim 55 (2): 397–412
Sauerbrey GZ (1959) Verwendung von schwingquarzen zur wägung dünner schichten and zur mikrowagung. Z Phys 155: 206–222
Holmberg M, Winquist F, Lundstrom L, Gardner JW, Hines EL (1995) Identification of paper quality using a hybrid electronic nose. Sens Actuat B 246: 26–27
Bishop CM (1995) Neural networks for pattern recognition. OUP
Zadeh L (1965) Fuzzy sets. Inf Cont 8: 338–341
Yea B, Konishi R, Osaki T, Sugahara K (1994) The discrimination of many kinds of odour species using fuzzy reasoning and neural networks. Sens Actuat A 45: 159–165
Ali Z, O’Hare WT, Sarkodie-Gyan T, Theaker BJ (1999) Gas-sensing system using an array of coated quartz crystal microbalances with a fuzzy interference system. J Ther Anal Calorim 55 (2): 371–381
Ali Z, Theaker B, O’Hare WT, Rowell FJ, Sarkodie-Gyan T, Scott S (2000) Classification of fresh edible oils with piezoelectric quartz crystal based electronic nose. Seventh International Symposium Olfaction and Electronic Nose, ISOEN 2000, 20–24th July 2000, Brighton; to be published as book by Institute of Physics
Shimizu Y, Takao Y, Egashira M (1988) Detection of freshness of fish by a semiconductive Ru/TiO2 sensor. J Electrochem Soc 135: 2539–2540
Nanto H, Sokooshi H, Usuda T (1993) Smell sensor using aluminium-doped zinc oxide thin film prepared by sputtering technique. Sens Actuat B 10: 79–83
Winquist F, Sundgren H, Lundström I (1995) A practical use of electronic noses: quality estimation of cod fillet bought over the counter. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Solid-Sate Sensors and Actuators, and Eurosensors IX. Stockholm, Sweden: June 25–29, 1995, pp 695–698
Olafsson R, Martinsdottir E, ólafsdottir G, Sigfusson SI, Gardner JW (1992) Monitoring of fish freshness using tin oxide sensors. In: Gardner JW, Bartlett PN (eds) Sensors and sensory systems for an electronic nose. Kluwer, Dodrecht, The Netherlands, pp 257272
Lindsay RC (1994) Flavour of fish. In: Shahidi F, Botta JR (eds) Seafoods: chemistry, processing technology and quality. Blackie Academic and Professional, Glasgow, UK, pp 75–84
Di Natale C, Brunink JAJ, Bungaro F, Davide F, D’Amico A, Paolesse R, Boschi T, Faccio M, Ferri G (1996) Recognition of fish storage time by a metalloporphyrins-coated QMB sensor array. Meas Sci Technol 7: 1103–1114
Luzuriaga DA, Balaban MO (1999) Electronic nose odour evaluation of salmon fillets stored at different temperatures. In: Hurst WJ (ed) Electronic noses and sensor array based systems-design and applications. Technomic Publishing Company, Lancaster, pp 162–169
Newman DJ, Luzuriaga DA, Balaban MO (1999) Odour and microbiological evaluation of raw tuna: correlation of sensory and electronic nose data. In: Hurst WJ (ed) Electronic noses and sensor array based systems–design and applications. Technomic Publishing Company, Lancaster, pp 170–176
Wilkes JG, Conte ED, Yongkyoung K, Holcomb M, Sutherland JB, Miller DW (2000) Sample preparation for the analysis of flavours and off-flavours in foods. J Chromatogr A 880: 3–33
Bonilla M, Enriquez G, McNair HM (1997) Use of cold on-column injection for the analysis of putrescine and cadaverine by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 35: 53–56
Cadwallader KR, Macleod AJ (1998) Instrumental methods for analysing the flavour of muscle foods. In: Shahidi F (ed) Flavour of meat, meat products and seafoods. Blackie Academic and Professional, London, pp 355–372
Cadwallader KR, Tan Q, Chen F, Meyers SP (1995) Evaluation of the aroma of cooked spiny lobster tail meat by aroma extract dilution analysis. J Agric Food Chem 43: 2432–2437
Chung HY, Chen F, Cadwallader KR (1995) Cooked blue crab meat aroma compared with lump meat. J Food Sci 60: 289–291, 299
Milo C, Grosch W (1997) Potent odourants in boiled cod as affected by the storage of raw material. In: Shahidi F, Cadwallader KR (eds) Flavour and lipid chemistry of seafoods. ACS Symposium Series 674, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 110–119
Cha YJ, Lee GH, Cadwallader KR (1997) Aroma-active compounds in salt-fermented anchovy. In: Shahidi F, Cadwallader KR (eds) Flavour and lipid chemistry of seafoods. ACS Symposium Series 674, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 131–147
Etievant PX (1996) Artifacts and contaminants in the analysis of food flavour. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 36: 733–745
Hiatt M (1997) Analysis of fish tissue by vacuum distillation GC-MS. Anal Chem 69: 1127–1134
Wampler TP (1997) Analysis of food volatiles using headspace-gas chromatographic techniques. In: Marsili R (ed) Techniques for analysing food aroma. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 27–58
Alasalvar C, Quantick PC, Grigor JM (1997) Aroma compounds of fresh and stored mackerel (Scomber scombrus). In: Shahidi F, Cadwallader KR (eds) Flavour and lipid chemistry of seafoods. ACS Symposium Series 674. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 39–54
Josephson DB, Lindsay RC, Stuiber DA (1984) Variations in the occurrences of enzymically derived volatile aroma compounds in salt and freshwater fish. J Agric Food Chem 32: 1344–1347
Alasalvar C, Aishima T, Quantick PC (1995) Dynamic headspace analysis of volatile aroma compounds of fresh and deteriorated mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Food Sci Technol Int, Tokyo 1: 125–127
Josephson DB, Lindsay RC, ólafsdottir G (1987) Measurement of valatile aroma constituents as a means for following sensory deterioration of fresh fish and fishery products. In: Kramer DA, Liston J (eds) Seafood quality determination. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp 27–47
Alasalvar C, Grigor JM, Quantick PC (1999) Methods for the static headspace analysis of carrot volatiles. Food Chem 65: 391–397
Zhang Z, Yang M, Pawliszyn J (1994) Solid-phase microextraction. Anal Chem 66: 844–853
Harmon AD (1997) Solid-phase microextraction for the analysis of flavours. In: Marsili R (ed) Techniques for analysing food aroma. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 81–112
Taylor AJ (1996) Volatile flavour release from foods during eating. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 36: 765–784
Brauss M, Linforth R, Taylor A (1998) Effect of variety, time of eating and fruit to fruit variation on volatile release during eating of tomato fruits. J Agric Food Chem 46: 2287–2292
Taylor A, Linforth R (1996) Flavour release in the mouth. Trends Food Sci Technol 7: 444–448
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Grigor, J.M., Theaker, B.J., Alasalvar, C., O’Hare, W.T., Ali, Z. (2002). Analysis of Seafood Aroma/Odour by Electronic Nose Technology and Direct Analysis. In: Alasalvar, C., Taylor, T. (eds) Seafoods — Quality, Technology and Nutraceutical Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09836-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09836-3_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07635-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-09836-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive