Zusammenfassung
Testikuläre Keimzelltumoren gehören zu den Malignomen des Erwachsenen, die selbst im metastasierten Stadium in hohem Maße heilbar sind. Addiert man die Therapieergebnisse für alle Krankheitsstadien, so liegt die Gesamtüberlebensrate nach 5 Jahren bei circa 80%.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Bajorin DF, Motzer RJ, Rodriquez E et al. (1993a) Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in germ cell tumor patients treated with etoposide-containing chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 60–62
Bajorin DF, Sarosdy MF, Pfister DG et al. (1993b) Randomized trial of etoposide and cisplatin versus etoposide and carboplatin in patients with good-risk germ cell tumors: a multiinstitutional study. J Clin Oncol 1993b; 11: 598–606
Baniel J, Foster RS, Gonin R et al. (1995) Late relapse of testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 13: 1170–1176
Berger CC, Bokemeyer C, Schneider M et al. 5(1995) econdary Raynaud’s phenomenon and other late vascular complications following chemotherapy for testicular cancer. Eur J Cancer 31: 2229–2238
Berger CC, Bokemeyer C, Schuppert F et al. (1996) Endocrinological late effects after chemotherapy for testicular cancer. Br J Cancer 73: 1108–1114
Beyer J, Kramar A, Mandanas R et al. (1996) High-dose chemotherapy as salvage treatment in germ cell tumors: A multivariate analysis of prognostic variables. J Clin Oncol 14: 2638–1645
Beyer J, Stenning A, Gerl S et al. (1999) High-dose versus conventional-dose first-salvage treatment in nonseminoma: a matched-pair analysis. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 18: 326a (abstr. 1255)
Bhatia S, Abonour R, Porcu P et al. (2000) High-dose chemotherapy as initial salvage chemotherapy in patients with relapsed testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 18: 3346–3351
Birch R, Williams S, Cone A et al. (1986) Prognostic factors for favourable outcome in disseminated germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 4: 400–407
Blijham G (1981) The treatment of advanced testicular carcinoma with high dose chemotherapy and autologous marrow support. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 17: 433–441
Bokemeyer C, Schmoll HJ (1993) Secondary neoplasms following treatment of malignant germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 11: 1703–1709
Bokemeyer C, Schmoll HJ, Natt F et al. (1994) Preliminary results of a phase I/II trial of paclitaxel in patients with relapsed or cisplatin-refractory testicular cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 120: 754–757
Bokemeyer C, Schmoll HJ (1995a) Treatment of testicular cancer and the development of secondary malignancies. J Clin Oncol 13: 283–292
Bokemeyer C, Schmoll HJ, Kuczyk MA et al. (1995b) Risk of secondary leukemia following high cumulative doses of etoposide during chemotherapy for testicular cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 87: 58–60
Bokemeyer C, Köhrmann O, Tischler J et al. (1996a) A randomized trial of cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin (PEB) versus carboplatin, etoposide and bleomycin (CEB) for patients with ‘good-risk’ metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumours. Ann Oncol 7: 1015–1021
Bokemeyer C, Kuczyk MA, Kohne H et al. (1996b) Hematopoietic growth factors and treatment of testicular cancer: biological interactions, routine use and dose-intensive chemo-therapy. Ann Hematol 72: 1–9
Bokemeyer C, Beyer J, Rüther U et al. (1996c) Phase II study of paclitaxel in patients with relapsed or cisplatin-refractory testicular cancer. Ann Oncol 7: 31–34
Bokemeyer C, Berger CC, Kuczyk MA et al. (1996d) Evaluation of long-term toxicity after chemotherapy for testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 14: 2923–2932
Bokemeyer C, Berger CC, Hartmann JT et al. (1998a) Analysis of risk factors for cisplatininduced ototoxicity in patients with testicular cancer. Br J Cancer 77: 1355–1362
Bokemeyer C, Harstrick A, Beyer C et al. (1998b) The use of dose-intensified chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors. Semin Oncol 25 (suppl. 4) : 24–32
Bokemeyer C, Hartmann JT, Kuczyk MA et al. (1998c) The role of paclitaxel in chemosensitive urological malignancies: current strategies in bladder cancer and testicular germ-cell tumors. World J Urol 16: 155–162
Bokemeyer C, Gerl A, Schöffski et al. (1999a) Gemcitabine in patients with relapsed or cisplatin-refractory testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 17: 512–516
Bokemeyer C, Kollmannsberger C, Meisner C et al. (1999b) First-line high-dose chemotherapy compared with standard-dose PEB/VIP chemotherapy in patients with advanced germ cell tumors: A multivariate and matched-pair analysis. J Clin Oncol 17(11): 3450–3456
Bokemeyer C, Hartmann JT, Droz JP et al. (2000) Prognostic factors and outcome of patients with extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCT). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 19: 328a (abstr. 1288)
Bokemeyer C, Droz JP, Horwich A et al. (2001) Extragonadal seminoma — an international multicenter analysis of prognostic factors and longterm treatment outcome. Cancer 91:1394–1401
Bosl GJ, Geller LN, Cirricione C et al. (1983) Multivariate analysis of prognostic variables in patients with metastatic cancer. Cancer Res 43:3403–3404
Bosl GJ, Yagoda A, Golbey RB et al. (1985) Role of etoposide-based chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with refractory or relapsing germ cell tumors. Am J Med 78: 423–428
Bosl GJ, Leitner SP, Atlas SA et al. (1986) Increased plasma renin and aldosterone in patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy for metastatic germ-cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 4: 1684–1689
Bosl GJ, Geller NL, Bajorin D et al. (1988) A randomized trial of etoposide+cisplatin versus vinblastine+bleomycin+cisplatin+cyclophosphamide+dactinomycin in patients with good-prognosis germ cell tumor. J Clin Oncol 6: 1231–1238
Boyer M, Raghavan D, Harris PJ et al. (1990) Lack of late toxicity in patients treated with cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy for metastatic testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 8: 21–26
Boyer M, Raghavan D (1992) Toxicity of treatment of germ cell tumors. Sem Oncol 2: 128–142
Brenner PC, Harry W, Morse MJ et al. (1996) Simultaneous retroperitoneal, thoracic, and cervical resection of postchemotherapy residual masses in patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. J Clin Oncol 14: 1765–1769
Broun ER, Nichols CR, Kneebone P et al. (1992) Long-term outcome of patients with relapsed and refractory germ cell tumors treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow rescue. Ann Intern Med 117: 124–128
Broun ER, Nichols CR, Mandanas R et al. (1995) Dose escalation study of high-dose carboplatin and etoposide with autologous bone marrow support in patients with recurrent and refractory germ cell tumors. Bone Marrow Transplant 16: 353–358
Chevreau C, Droz JP, Pico JC et al. (1993) Early intensified chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation in first line treatment of poor risk non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Eur Urol 23: 213–218
Clemm C, Gerl A, Hentrich M et al. (1995) Chemotherapy for far advanced seminoma. Onkologie 18: 189 (abstr. 909)
Clemm C, Bokemeyer C, Gerl A et al. (2000) Randomized trial comparing cisplatin/etoposide/ifosfamide with carboplatin monochemotherapy in patients with advanced metastatic seminoma. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 19: 326a (abstr. 1283)
Collins DH, Pugh RCB (1964) Classification and frequency of testicular tumours. Br J Urol 36 (Suppl.): 1
Coogan CL, Hejase MJ, Wahle GR et al. (1996) Nerve sparing post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for advanced testicular cancer. J Urol 156 :1656–1658
Culine S, Kerbrat P, Bouzy J et al. (1999) Are 3 cycles of Bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (3BEP) or 4 cycles of etoposide and cisplatin (4EP) equivalent regimens for patients (pts) with good-risk metastatic non seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT)? Preliminary results of a randomized trial. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 18: 309a (abstr. 1188)
De Bono JS, Paul J, Simpson A et al. (2000) Improving the outcome of salvage treatment for nonseminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT). Br J Cancer 83: 426–430
de Wit R, Stoter G, Sleijfer DT et al. (1995) Four cycles of BEP versus an alternating regime of PVB and BEP in patients with poor-prognosis metastatic testicular non-seminoma; a randomised study of the EORTC Genitourinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group. Br J Cancer 71: 1311–1314
de Wit R, Stoter G, Kaye SB et al. (1997) Importance of bleomycin in combination chemotherapy for good-prognosis testicular nonseminoma: a randomized study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 15: 1837–1843
de Wit R, Stoter G, Sleijfer DT et al. (1998) Four cycles of BEP versus four cycles of VIP in patients with intermediate-prognosis metastatic testicular non-seminoma: a randomised study of the EORTC Genitourinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group. Br J Cancer 78: 828–832
de Wit R, Louwerens M, de Mulder PH et al. (1999) Management of intermediate-prognosis germ-cell cancer: results of a phase I/II study of Taxol-BEP. Int J Cancer 83(6): 831–833
de Wit R, Roberts JT, Wilkinson P et al. (2000) Final analysis demonstrating the equivalence of 3 BEP vs. 4 cycles and the 5 day schedule vs. 3 days per cycle in good prognosis germ cell cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 19: 326a (abstr. 1281)
Decatris MP, Wilkinson PM, Welch RS et al. (2000) High-dose chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic support in poor risk non-seminomatous germ-cell tumours: an effective first-line therapy with minimal toxicity. Ann Oncol 11: 427–434
Donohue JP, Fox EP, Williams SD et al. (1994) Persistent cancer in postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph-node dissection: outcome analysis. World J Urol 12: 190–195
Droz JP, Kramar A, Pico JL (1993) Prediction of long-term response after high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation in the salvage treatment of non-seminomatous germ cell tumours. Eur J Cancer 29A: 818–821
Duchesne GM, Stenning SP, Aass N et al. (1997) Radiotherapy after chemotherapy for metastatic seminoma-a diminishing role. MRC Testicular Tumour Working Party. Eur J Cancer 33: 829–835
Dunn TA, Grunwald V, Bokemeyer C et al. (1997) Pre-clinical activity of taxol in non-seminomatous germ cell tumor cell lines and nude mouse xenografts. Invest New Drugs 15: 91–98
Einhorn L, Williams S, Mandelbaum I et al. (1981) Surgical resection in disseminated testicular cancer following chemotherapeutic cytoreduction. Cancer 1981; 48: 904–908
Einhorn LH; Stender MJ; Williams SD. Phase II trial of gemcitabine in refractory germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol. 1999; 17(2): 509–511
Ellison M, Mostofi F, Flanigan R. Treatment of the residual retroperitoneal mass after chemotherapy for advanced seminoma. J Urol 1988; 140: 618–620
Farhat F, Culine S, Theodore C et al. Cisplatin and ifosfamide with either vinblastine or etoposide as salvage therapy for refractory or relapsing germ cell tumor patients: the Institut Gustave Roussy experience. Cancer 1996; 77: 1193–1197
Fizazi K, Ragan D, Bokemeyer C et al. (1999) Viable malignant cells after primary chemotherapy for metastatic non-seminomatous germ-cell tumors (NSGCT): Results from an international study. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 18 (abstr.)
Fossa SD, Borge L, Ass N et al. (1987) The treatment of advanced metastatic seminoma. Experience in 55 cases. J Clin Oncol 5: 1071–1077
Fossa SD, Ous S, Lien HH et al. (1989) Post-chemotherapy lymph node histology in radiologically normal patients with metastatic nonseminomatous testicular cancer. J Urol 141: 557–559
Fossa SD, Droz JP, Stoter G, et al (1995) Cisplatin, vincristine and ifosphamide combination chemotherapy of metastatic seminoma: results of EORTC trial 30874. EORTC GU Group. Br J Cancer 71: 619–624
Fossa SD, Kaye SB, Mead GM et al. (1998) Filgrastim during combination chemotherapy of patients with poor-prognosis metastatic germ cell malignancy. J Clin Oncol 16: 716–724
Fossa SD; Stenning SP; Gerl A et al. (1999) Prognostic factors in patients progressing after cisplatin-based chemotherapy for malignant non-seminomatous germ cell tumours. Br-J-Cancer 80(9): 1392–1399
Fox E, Weathers T, Williams S et al. (1993) Outcome analysis for patients with persistent nonteratomatous germ cell tumor in postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissections. J Clin Oncol 11: 1294–1299
Friedman NB (1987) The function of the primordial germ cell in extragonadal tissues. Int J Androl 10(1): 43–49
Ganjoo KN; Chan RJ; Sharma M et al. (1999) Positron emission tomography scans in the evaluation of postchemotherapy residual masses in patients with seminoma. J Clin Oncol 17(11): 3457–3460
Gerl A, Clemm C, Schmeller N et al. (1994) Sequential resection of residual abdominal and thoracic masses after chemotherapy for metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumours. Br J Cancer 70: 960–965
Gerl A, Clemm C, Schmeller N et al. (1995a) Outcome analysis after post-chemotherapy surgery in patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumours. Ann Oncol 6: 483–488
Gerl A, Clemm C, Schmeller N et al. (1995b) Prognosis after salvage treatment for unselected male patients with germ cell tumours. Br J Cancer 72: 1026–1032
Gietema JA, Sleijfer DTh, Willemse PHB et al. (1992) Long-term follow-up of cardiovascular risk factors in patients given chemotherapy for disseminated nonseminomatous testicular cancer. Ann Intern Med 116: 709–715
Gregory C, Peckham M (1986) Results of radiotherapy for stage II testicular seminoma. Radiother Oncol 6: 285–292
Hainsworth JD, Williams SD, Einhorn LH et al. (1985) Successful treatment of resistant germinal neoplasms with VP-16 and cisplatin: results of a Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial. J Clin Oncol 3: 666–671
Harstrick A, Schmoll HJ, Wilke H et al. (1991) Cisplatin, etoposide and ifosfamide salvage therapy for refractory or relapsed germ cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 9: 1549–1555
Harstrick A, Schleucher N, Andresen E et al. (1999) Tandem high-dose chemotherapy with carboplatin, etoposide and cyclophosphamide followed by peripheral blood stem cell retransfusion in cisplatin refractory germ cell cancer patients. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 18: 327a (abstr. 1259)
Hartmann JT, Candelaria M, Kuczyk MA et al. (1997a) Comparison of histological results from the resection of residual masses at different sites after chemotherapy for metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumours. Eur J Cancer 33: 843–847
Hartmann JT, Schmoll H-J, Kuczyk MA et al. (1997b) Postchemotherapy resections of residual masses from metastatic non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors. Ann Oncol 8: 531–538
Hartmann JT, Kollmannsberger C, Kanz L et al. (1999a) Platinum organ toxicity and possible prevention in patients with testicular cancer. Int J Cancer 83: 866–869
Hartmann JT, Schmoll HJ, Albrecht C et al. (1999b) Long-term effects on sexual functioning and fertility after treatment of testicular cancer. Br J Cancer 80: 801–807
Hartmann JT, Kanz L, Bokemeyer C (1999c) Diagnosis and treatment of patients with testicular germ cell cancer. Drugs 58(2) : 257–281
Hartmann JT, Kuczyk MA, Kollmannsberger C et al. (1999d) Future prospects in the chemotherapy of metastatic nonseminomatous testicular germ-cell cancer. World J Urol 17(5): 324–333
Hartmann JT, Fels LM, Franzke et al. (2000a) Comparative study of the acute nephrotoxicity from standard dose cisplatin ± ifosfamide and high-dose chemotherapy with carboplatin and ifosfamide. Anticancer Res 20: 1177–1182
Hartmann JT, Fels LM, Knop S et al. (2000b) A randomized trial comparing the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin/ifosfamide-based combination chemotherapy with or without amifostine in patients with solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 18: 281–289
Hartmann JT, Knop S, Fels LM et al. (2000c) The use of reduced doses of amifostine to ameliorate nephrotoxicity of cisplatin/ifosfamide-based chemotherapy in patients with solid tumors. Anti Cancer Drugs 11: 1–6
Hartmann JT, Nichols CR, Droz JP et al. (2000d) Extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCT) and hematological disorders: Incidence and outcome from an international database. J Natl Cancer Inst 92: 54–61
Hartmann JT, Nichols CR, Droz JP et al. (2000e) The relative risk of second nongerminal malignancies in patients with extragonadal germ cell tumors. Cancer 88(11): 2629–2635
Hartmann JT, von Vangerow A, Fels LM et al. (2001a) A randomized trial of amifostine in patients with high dose VIC chemotherapy plus autologous blood stem cell transplantation. Br J Cancer 84: 313–320
Hartmann JT, Schleucher N, Metzner B et al. (2001b) Phase I/II study of sequential high dose VIP plus paclitaxel supported by PBSC in patients with ‘poor prognosis’ germ cell tumor (GCT). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 20: 173a (abstr. 691)
Hartmann JT, Nichols CR, Droz JP et al. (2001c) Salvage chemotherapy for patients with relapsed nonseminomatous extragonadal germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 19:1641–1648
Hendry WF, A’Hern RP, Hetherington JW et al. (1993) Para-aortic lymphadenectomy after chemotherapy for metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumours: Prognostic value and therapeutic benefit. Br J Urol 71: 208–213
Herr HW, Sheinfeld J, Puc HS et al. (1997) Surgery for a post-chemotherapy residual mass in seminoma. J Urol 157: 860–862
Horwich A, Dearnaley DP, A’Hern R et al. (1992) The activity of single-agent carboplatin in advanced seminoma. Eur J Cancer 28A: 1307–1310
Horwich A, Paluchowska B, Normann A et al. (1997a) Residual mass following chemotherapy of seminoma. Ann Oncol 8: 37–40
Horwich A, Sleijfer DT, Fossa SD et al. (1997b) Randomized trial of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin compared with bleomycin, etoposide and carboplatin in good-prognosis metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell cancer: A Multiinstituional Medical Research Council/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial. J Clin Oncol 15: 1844–1852
Horwich A, Oliver RTD, Wilkinson PM et al. (2000) A Medical Research Council randomized trial of single agent carboplatin versus etoposide and cisplatin for advanced metastatic seminoma. Br J Cancer 83:1623–1629
Jones DM, Amato LC, Pagliari R et al. (1997) Carboplatin (CBDCA) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) and delayed consolidation in advanced seminoma. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 16: 323a (abstr. 1149)
Josefsen D, Ous S, Hoie J et al. (1993) Salvage treatment in male patients with germ cell tumours. Br J Cancer 67: 568–572
Kaye B, Mead GM, Fossa S et al. (1998) Intensive induction-sequential chemotherapy with BOP/VIP-B compared with treatment with BEP/EP for poor prognosis metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor: A randomized medical research council/European organization for research and treatment of cancer study. J Clin Oncol 16: 692–701
Kollmannsberger C, Beyer J, Droz J-P et al. (1998) Secondary leukemia following high cumulative doses of stoposide in patients treated for advanced germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 16: 3386–3391
Lampe H, Dearnaley DP, Price A et al. (1995) High-dose carboplatin and etoposide for salvage chemotherapy of germ cell tumours: Eur J Cancer 31A: 717–723
Lampe H, Horwich A, Norman A et al. (1997) Fertility after chemotherapy for testicular germ cell cancers. J Clin Oncol 15: 239–245
Ledermann JA, Holden L, Newlands ES et al. (1994) The long-term outcome of patients who relapse after chemotherapy for non-seminomatous germ cell tumours. Br J Urol 74: 225–230
Leitner SP, Bosl GJ, Bajorunas D (1986) Gonadal dysfunction in patients treated for metastatic germ-cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 4: 1500–1505
Linkesch W, Krainer M, Wagner A (1992) Phase I/II trial of ultrahigh carboplatin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide with ABMT in refractory or relapsed non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 11: 196 (abstr. 600)
Loehrer PJ, Birch R, Williams SD et al. (1987) Chemotherapy of metastatic seminoma: The Southeastern Cancer Study Group Experience. J Clin Oncol 5: 1212–1220
Loehrer PJ, Lauer R, Roth BJ et al. (1988) Salvage therapy in recurrent germ cell cancer: ifosfamide and cisplatin plus either vinblastine or etoposide. Ann Intern Med 109: 540–546
Loehrer PJ Sr, Johnson D, Elson P et al. (1995) Importance of bleomycin in favorable-prognosis disseminated germ cell tumors: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial. J Clin Oncol 13: 470–476
Loehrer PJ, Gonin R, Nichols CR et al. (1998) Vinblastine plus ifosfamide plus cisplatin as initial salvage therapy in recurrent germ cell tumor. J Clin Oncol 16: 2500–2504
Logothetis CJ, Samuels ML, Trindade A et al. (1982) The growing teratoma syndrome. Cancer 50: 1629–1635
Mandelbaum I, Yaw PB, Einhorn LH et al. (1983) The importance of one-stage median sternotomy and retroperitoneal node dissection in disseminated testicular cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 36: 524–528
Margolin K, Doroshow JH, Ahn C et al. (1996) Treatment of germ cell cancer with two cycles of high-dose ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide with autologous stem-cell support. J Clin Oncol 14: 2631–2637
McCaffrey JA, Mazumdar M, Bajorin DF et al. (1997) Ifosfamide- and cisplatin-containing chemotherapy as first-line salvage therapy in germ cell tumors: response and survival. J Clin Oncol 15: 2559–2563
Mead GM, Stenning SP, Cook P et al. (1997) International germ cell consensus classification: A prognostic factor-erased staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers. J Clin Oncol 15: 594–603
Meinardi MT, Gietema JA, van der Graaf WTA et al. (2000) Cardiovascular Morbidity in Long-Term Survivors of Metastatic Testicular Cancer. J Clin Oncol 18: 1725–1732
Mencel PJ, Motzer RJ, Mazumdar M et al. (1994) Advanced seminoma : Treatment results, survival, and prognostic factors in 142 patients. J Clin Oncol 12: 120–126
Motzer RJ, Bajorin DF, Schwartz LH et al. (1994) Phase II trial of paclitaxel shows antitumor activity in patients with previously treated germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 12: 2277–2283
Motzer RJ, Cooper K, Geller NL et al. (1990) The role of ifosfamide plus cisplatin-based chemotherapy as salvage therapy for patients with refractory germ cell tumors. Cancer 66: 2476–2481
Motzer RJ, Gulati SC, Crown JP et al. (1992) High-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow rescue for patients with refractory germ cell tumors. Cancer 69: 550–556
Motzer RJ, Mazumdar M, Subhash CG et al. (1993) Phase II trial of high-dose carboplatin and etoposide with autologous bone marrow transplantation in first-line therapy for patients with poor-risk germ cell tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 1828–1835
Motzer RJ, Sheinfeld J, Mazumdar M et al. (1995) Etoposide and cisplatin adjuvant therapy for patients with pathologic stage II germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 13: 2700–2704
Motzer RJ, Mazumdar M, Bosl GJ et al. (1996) High-dose carboplatin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide for patients with refractory germ cell tumors: Treatment results and prognostic factors for survival and toxicity. J Clin Oncol 14: 1098–1105
Motzer RJ, Mazumdar M, Sheinfeld J et al. (2000) Sequential dose-intensive paclitaxel, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide salvage therapy for germ cell tumor patients. J Clin Oncol 18(6): 1173–1180
Mulder POM, de Vries EG, Koops HS et al. (1988) Chemotherapy with maximally tolerable doses of VP-16–123 and cyclophosphamide followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of relapsed or refractory germ cell tumors. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 24: 675–679
Mulders PFA, Oosterhoff GON, Boetse C et al. (1990) The importance of prognostic factors in the individual treatment of patients with disseminated germ cell tumours. Br J Urol 66: 425–429
Murphy B, Breeden E, Donohue J et al. (1993) Surgical salvage of chemorefractory germ cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 11: 324–329
Napier MP, Naraghi A, Christmas TJ et al. (2000) Long-term follow-up of residual masses after chemotherapy in patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumours. Br J Cancer 83: 1274–1280
Nichols CR, Tricot G, Williams S et al. (1989) Dose-intensive chemotherapy in refractory germ cell cancer: A phase I/II trial of high-dose carboplatin and etoposide with autologous bone marrow transplantation. J Clin Oncol 7: 932–939
Nichols CR, Roth BJ, Heerema N et al. (1990) Hematologic neoplasia associated with primary mediastinal germ-cell tumors. N Engl J Med. 322(20): 1425–1429
Nichols CR, Williams SD, Loehrer PJ et al. (1991) Randomized study of cisplatin dose intensity in poor-risk germ cell tumors: A Southeastern Cancer Study Group and Southwest Oncology Group protocol. J Clin Oncol 7: 1163–1172
Nichols CR, Breeden ES, Loehrer PJ (1993) Secondary leukemia associated with a conventional dose of etoposide: review of serial germ cell tumor protocols. J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 36–40
Nichols CR, Roth BJ, Loehrer PJ et al. (1994) Salvage chemotherapy for recurrent germ cell cancer. Sem Oncol 5 (Suppl. 12): 102–108
Nichols CR, Catalano PJ, Crawford ED et al. (1989) Randomized comparison of cisplatin and etoposide and either bleomycin or ifosfamide in treatment of advanced disseminated germ cell tumors: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Southwest Oncology Group, and Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. J Clin Oncol 16: 1287–1293
Osanto S, Bukman A, Van Hoek F et al. (1992) Long-term effects of chemotherapy in patients with testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 10: 574–579
Ozols RF, Ihde DC, Linehan WM et al. (1988) A randomized trial of standard chemotherapy v a high-dose chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of poor prognosis nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors. J Clin Oncol 6: 1031–1040
Partyka S, Hutchinson L, Amato R. (1996) Preliminary results of taxol/cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with refractory or relapsed nonseminomatous germ cell tumor. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 37: 169 (abstr. 1161)
Pedersen-Bjergaard J, Daugaard G, Hansen ST et al. (1991) Increased risk of myelodysplasia and leukemia after etoposide, cisplatin, and bleomycin for germ-cell tumors. Lancet 338(8763): 359–363
Pizzocaro G, Pasi M, Salvioni R et al. (1985) Cisplatin and etoposide salvage therapy and resection of the residual tumor in pretreated germ cell testicular cancer. Cancer 56: 2399–2403
Pizzocaro G, Salvioni R, Piva L et al. (1986) Cisplatin combination chemotherapy in advanced seminoma. Cancer 58: 1625–1629
Puc HS, Heelan R, Mazumdan M et al. (1996) Management of residual mass in advanced seminoma: results and recommendations from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. J Clin Oncol 14: 454–460
Qvist HL, Fossa SD, Ous S et al. (1991) Post-chemotherapy tumour residuals in patients with advanced nonseminomatous testicular cancer. Is it necessary to resect all residual masses? J Urol 145: 300–303
Raghavan D, Vogelzang NJ, Bosl GJ et al. (1982) Tumor classification and size in germ-cell testicular cancer: influence on the occurrence of metastases. Cancer 50: 1591–1595
Rick O, Bokemeyer C, Beyer J et al. (2001) Salvage treatment with paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin plus high-dose carboplatin, etoposide, and thiotepa followed by autologous stemcell rescue in patients with relapsed or refractory germ cell cancer. J Clin Oncol 19: 81–88
Rodenhuis S, De Wit R, De Mulder PMH et al. (1999) A prospective trial of repeated high-dose chemotherapy in relapsing germ cell cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 18: 310a (abstr. 1190)
Rodriguez E, Mathew S, Reuter V et al. (1992) Cytogenetic analysis of 124 prospectively ascertained male germ cell tumors. Cancer Res 52: 2285–2291
Rosti G, Albertazzi L, Salioni R et al. (1992) High-dose chemotherapy supported with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in germ cell tumors: a phase two study. Ann Oncol 3: 809–812
Roth BJ, Einhorn LH, Greist A (1988) Long-term complications of cisplatin-based chemotherapy for testis cancer. Sem Oncol 15: 345–350
Rowinsky EK, Gilbert MR, McGuire WP et al. (1991) Sequences of taxol and cisplatin: A phase I and pharmacologic study. J Clin Oncol 9: 1692–1703
Sandler AB, Christou A, Fox S et al. (1998) A phase II trial of paclitaxel in refractory germ cell neoplasms. Cancer 82: 1381–1386
Saxman SB, Finch D, Gonin R et al. (1998) Long-term follow-up of a phase III study of three versus four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin in favorable-prognosis germ-cell tumors: The Indiana university experience. J Clin Oncol 15: 702–706
Schmoll HJ, Harstrick A, Bokemeyer et al. (1993) Single-agent carboplatinum for advanced seminoma. A phase II study. Cancer 72: 237–242
Siegert W, Beyer J, Strohscheer I et al. (1994) High-dose treatment with carboplatin, etoposide, and ifosfamide followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation in relapsed or refractory germ cell cancer: a phase I/II study. The German Testicular Cancer Cooperative Study Group. J Clin Oncol 12: 1223–1231
Sleijfer S, Willemse PHB, deVries EGE et al. (1996) Treatment of advanced seminoma with cyclophosphamide, vincristine and carboplatin on an outpatient basis. Br J Cancer 74: 947–950
Souchon R, Krege S, Schmoll HJ et al. (2000) Interdisciplinary consensus on diagnosis and treatment of testicular germ cell tumors. Results of an update conference based on evidence-based medicine (EBM). Strahlenther Oncol 176: 388–405
Stephens WS, Gonin R, Hutchins GD et al. (1996) Positron emission tomography evaluation of residual radiographic abnormalities in postchemotherapy germ cell tumour patients. J Clin Oncol 14: 1637–1641
Steyerberg EW, Keizer HJ, Zwartendijk J et al. (1993) Prognosis after resection of residual masses following chemotherapy for metastatic nonseminomatous testicular cancer: a multivariate analysis. Br J Cancer 68: 195–200
Steyerberg EW, Keizer HJ, Stoter G et al. (1994) Predictors of residual mass histology following chemotherapy for metastatic non-seminomatous testicular cancer: a quantitative overview of 996 resections. Eur J Cancer 30: 1231–1239
Steyerberg EW, Keizer HJ, Fossa SD et al. (1995) Prediction of residual retroperitoneal mass histology after chemotherapy for metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor: multivariate analysis of individual patient data from six study groups. J Clin Oncol 13: 1177–1187
Steyerberg EW, Gerl A, Fossa SD et al. (1998) Validity of predictions of residual retroperitoneal mass histology in nonseminomatous testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 16: 269–274
Tait D, Peckham MJ, Hendry WF et al. (1984) Post-chemotherapy surgery in advanced non-seminomatous germ-cell testicular tumours: the significance of histology with particular reference to differentiated (mature) teratoma. Br J Cancer 50: 601–609
The Italian Group for Antiemetic Research (1995) Dexamethasone, granisetron, or both for the prevention of nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy for cancer. N Engl J Med 332: 1–5
Tiffany P, Morse MJ, Bosl G et al. (1986) Sequential excision of residual thoracic and retro-peritoneal masses after chemotherapy for stage III germ cell tumours. Cancer 57: 978–983
Toner GC, Panicek DM, Heelan RT et al. (1990) Adjunctive surgery after chemotherapy for nonseminomatous germ cell tumors: recommendations for patient selection. J Clin Oncol 8: 1683–1694
Travis LB, Andersson M, Gospodarowicz M et al. (2000) Treatment-Associated Leukemia Following Testicular Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 92: 1165–1171
van Leeuwen F, Stiggelbout A, van den Belt-Dusebout A et al. (1993) Second cancer risk following testicular cancer: a follow up study of 1,909 patients. J Clin Oncol 11: 415–424
Vogelzang NJ, Bosl GJ, Johnson K. (1981) Raynaud’s phenomenon: a common toxicity after combination chemotherapy for testicular cancer. Ann Intern Med 95: 288–292
Vogelzang NJ, Torkelson JL, Kennedy BJ (1985) Hypomagnesemia, renal dysfunction, and Raynaud’s phenomenon in patients treated with cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin. Cancer 56: 2765–2770
Weijl NI, Rutten MFJ, Zwinderman AH et al. (2000) Thromboembolic events during chemotherapy for germ cell cancer: a cohort study and review of the literature. J Clin Oncol 18(10): 2169–2178
Williams SD, Birch R, Einhorn LH et al. (1987) Treatment of disseminated germ-cell tumors with cisplatin, bleomycin, and either vinblastine or etoposide. N Engl J Med 316: 1435–1440
Wolff SN, Johnson DH, Hainsworth JD et al. (1984) High dose VP-16–213 monotherapy for refractory germinal malignancies. A phase II study. J Clin Oncol 4: 271–274
Wood D, Herr H, Motzer R et al. (1992) Surgical resection of solitary metastases after chemotherapy in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors and elevated serum tumor markers. Cancer 70:2354–2357
Wozniak AJ, Samson MK, Shah NT et al. (1991) A randomized trial of cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin versus vinblastine, cisplatin, and etoposide in the treatment of advanced germ cell tumors of the testis: a Southwest Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 9: 70–76
Xiao H, Mazumdar M, Bajorin DF et al. (1997) Long-term follow-up of patients with goodrisk germ cell tumors treated with etoposide and cisplatin. J Clin Oncol 15: 2553–2558
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hartmann, J.T., Kuczyk, M., Mayer, F., Honecker, F., Bokemeyer, C. (2002). Chemotherapie metastasierter Keimzelltumoren des Hodens. In: Truss, M.C., Stief, C.G., Machtens, S., Jonas, U., Wagner, T. (eds) Pharmakotherapie in der Urologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09273-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09273-6_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-41519-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-09273-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive