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Neuroprotection by Free Radical Scavengers and Other Antioxidants

  • Chapter
CNS Neuroprotection

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 155))

Abstract

Cells which depend on oxygen for survival are continuously subjected to oxidative stress due to the fact that during the respiratory process, in which molecular oxygen is reduced to water, a small fraction (2%–5%) of the oxygen is converted to superoxide radical \( \left( {O_2^{\bar\bullet }} \right) \) by a one-electron reduction mechanism. Superoxide is further converted to hydrogen peroxide and related metabolites. Such semi-reduced species of oxygen (reactive oxygen species) are highly reactive and capable of initiating a series of oxidative reactions, which collectively constitute oxidative stress. Under normal physiological conditions, cells are protected from oxidative injury by the various endogenous antioxidant defenses which have evolved to reduce oxidative stress. Tissue injury can result from any disruption of normal cellular function to the extent that oxygen radical production is substantially increased and these cellular defenses are overwhelmed. The central nervous system is particularly sensitive to oxygen radical damage because of the high levels of polyunsaturated lipids present that, when peroxidized, compromise the integrity of neuronal cell membranes together with the specialized functions of those membranes.

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    Frank W. Marcoux (Vice President, Biology) (Vice President, Biology)

  2. Department of Neurology Box 8111, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Dennis W. Choi

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Phillis, J.W. (2002). Neuroprotection by Free Radical Scavengers and Other Antioxidants. In: Marcoux, F.W., Choi, D.W. (eds) CNS Neuroprotection. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 155. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06274-6_9

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