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Chemische Ökotoxikologie pp 125–223Cite as

Wirkung von Chemikalien

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Zusammenfassung

Ein zentraler Aspekt der Ökotoxikologie ist die Untersuchung und Bewertung der Wirkung von Umweltchemikalien auf die verschiedenen Organisationsebenen Zelle, Organ, Organismus, Population und Ökosystem. Von einer Wirkung wird dann gesprochen, wenn Abweichungen vom normalen Erscheinungsbild auftreten und der Verdacht einer Schädigung besteht. Während in der klassischen Toxikologie ausschließlich Veränderungen bei Individuen berücksichtigt werden, steht in der Ökotoxikologie die direkte oder indirekte Reaktion der Population bzw. des gesamten Ökosystems auf eine Chemikalie im Vordergrund. Insgesamt lassen sich vier Schwerpunkte unterscheiden:

  • Erforschung der direkten Wirkung einer Chemikalie im Organismus, d. h., der chemischen Reaktion der Substanz mit bestimmten Zellbestandteilen und deren physiologische Folgen für Zelle, Gewebe und Organismus

  • Untersuchung der Folgen von Störungen in Organismen für höhere Ebenen, d.h., der Abhängigkeiten zwischen den einzelnen Gliedern der Systeme unter Berücksichtigung biotischer und abiotischer Faktoren

  • Entwicklung von Modellen zur Beurteilung und Prognose der Wirkungen und zur Übertragung der Ergebnisse von Monospeziestests auf höhere Ebenen

  • Entwicklung von Therapiemaßnahmen

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  1. FB 19 Analytische Chemie, Universität-Gesamthochschule Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 3500, Kassel, Deutschland

    Professor Dr. Harun Parlar & Daniela Angerhöfer

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Parlar, H., Angerhöfer, D. (1991). Wirkung von Chemikalien. In: Chemische Ökotoxikologie. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97312-3_3

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