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Pre-Alpidic Ore Deposits in the Central, Eastern and Southern Alps

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Pre-Mesozoic Geology in the Alps

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Abstract

The pre-Mesozoic metallogenetic evolution of the Alps reflects a progressing cratonization of the crust. The first stage lasted from the upper Proterozoic to the Lower Ordovician and is characterized by the formation of oceanic crust and island arcs which are now preserved mainly in Penninic and Middle Austro-Alpine tectonic units. Besshi-type deposits (Fe-Cu-Zn), some with minor Pb, As, Sb, the important scheelite deposit at Mittersill and stratiform Au-occurrences are related to this early stage. Most of these mineralizations are associated with greenschists or amphibolites. The lead isotope signature of many of these deposits reveals the presence of a distinct mantle component. Significant amounts of detrital material were deposited in back-arc basins in proximity to a southern continent. Stratiform Pb-Zn (-Cu-Ag) deposits occur in sequences dominated by metasediments and -volcanics; they are spatially separated from the Fe-Cu deposits. The widespread, approximately 450 Ma old granitoids which are virtually devoid of any mineralizations terminated this first crust forming period of the Alps. The Ordovician to Lower Carboniferous sequences of the Upper Austro-Alpine units and the Innsbruck quartzphyllite are characterized by facies differentiation, waning magmatism mainly of an intraplate nature and the formation of platform carbonates. Cu is concentrated in the western Greywacke zone and in the Kreuzeck Mountains, whereas to the East and South Pb-Zn, magnesite, siderite, Sb, and Hg deposits occur. This distribution suggests a more advanced stage of cratonization during the Palaeozoic in the southern and eastern segments of the Alps than in the northwestern.

Polymetallic vein deposits, Li-pegmatites and probably also disseminated Au-mineralizations are associated with some of the Variscan magmatic complexes. The end of the Variscan cycle is marked by U, U-Cu and Pb-Zn mineralizations in volcanic rocks, sandstones, shales and carbonates which postdate the Variscan deformation.

The Pb-isotope signatures of Pb and Sb dominated deposits in Austro-Alpine units and in the Southern Alps are of typical crustal nature and are comparable to the signature observed in most metasediments of these units. They indicate a prolonged evolution of the lead in a crustal environment with high U/Pb and Th/Pb ratios.

The lead of Cu-dominated mineralizations in Austro-Alpine units and of all types of ores in the Penninic zone and external massifs is distinct and indicates a comparatively short crustal residence time. Metasedimentary lead indicates the presence of old as well as of relatively young components. The lead isotope patterns and the metal distribution support the idea of a relatively early cratonization of the Southern Alps and some Austro-Alpine domains whereas the Penninic and some of the more westerly domains of the Austro-Alpine units cratonized later during the Variscan orogenic cycle.

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Authors
  1. V. Köppel
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  2. F. Neubauer
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  3. E. Schroll
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Mineralogie und Petrographie, Universität Pérolles, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland

    J. F. von Raumer

  2. Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Heinrichstraße 26, A-8010, Graz, Austria

    Franz Neubauer

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© 1993 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Köppel, V., Neubauer, F., Schroll, E. (1993). Pre-Alpidic Ore Deposits in the Central, Eastern and Southern Alps. In: von Raumer, J.F., Neubauer, F. (eds) Pre-Mesozoic Geology in the Alps. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84640-3_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84640-3_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-84642-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-84640-3

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